International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences

Morpho-spiro-voice-acoustic differences between smokers and non-smokers

2025-05-19T13:22:42+00:00

The organs most impacted by tobacco smoke are primarily those of the respiratory system, along with the vocal cords. This study aims to determine the significant differences in morphospirometric and voice-acoustic variables between non-smokers and smokers, emphasising the substantial effects of smoking on health and vocal quality. Two morphometric variables, eight spirometric variables, and thirteen voice-acoustic variables were measured in 117 male Albanian subjects from Kosovo (78 non-smokers and 39 smokers). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The data were examined using descriptive statistics (arithmetic means, minimum and maximum values, and standard deviation), independent samples t-test, and discriminant canonical analysis. Discriminant statistical parameters indicate that the group of non-smokers significantly (p < 0.00- 0.05) differs from the group of smokers, showing lower body weight (within normal limits), higher spirometric parameters (within normal limits), and greater voice amplitude. No significant differences were observed between the groups in variables such as stature, PIF (peak inspiratory flow), jitter variables (voice period variability), and the fundamental frequency of the voice sample. Based on the Wilks’ Lambda value, it can be concluded that spirometric variables (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.56) provide better discrimination between smokers and non-smokers compared to voice-acoustic variables (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.66).

Eating Disorders in University Students and Their Relationship with Body Image

2025-08-25T13:42:40+00:00

University students are a population at particular risk for developing eating disorders, influenced by body image dissatisfaction and lifestyle factors. Despite this, little is known about how eating disorder risk relates to objective body composition measures and perceived body image in this group. The aim was to assess the risk of developing eating disorders in university students using the SCOFF questionnaire and correlate the findings with body composition and body image perception. A total of 500 students, both male and female, aged 18 to 30 years old, were evaluated anthropometrically using the InBody 270 device. Body image perception was assessed using Stunkard’s silhouettes, and participants completed the five-question SCOFF questionnaire. A high prevalence of eating disorders risk (44 %) was observed, with a significant association with sex (chisquare, p < 0.01), as women showed a higher frequency of risk (63 %). Individuals at risk of EDs had higher weight, BMI, body fat, and lower muscle mass (t-test, p = 0.001, p = 0.000, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.01, respectively). A significant relationship was also found between eating disorder risk and body image dissatisfaction (chi-square, p < 0.0001). Risk analysis revealed that females are 2.5 times more likely to develop eating disorders, and body image dissatisfaction increases this risk by fourfold. The most common condition identified was binge eating disorder, affecting 63 % of at-risk individuals. The high frequency of eating disorders observed among university students is notable, with associated risk factors, such as sex and body image perception, aligning with previous findings. The results highlight that female sex, body image underestimation, and dissatisfaction are key risk factors for developing eating disorders. These findings support the development of targeted interventions to prevent this condition.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in clinical laboratory personnel in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador

2025-05-17T16:57:55+00:00

Introduction: Clinical laboratory personnel are exposed to multiple occupational hazards. However, most studies have focused on biological, physical and chemical risks, with little information on ergonomic risks and their relationship with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in this population. Objective: To determine the prevalence of MSDs in clinical laboratory personnel in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador, and their association with personal and organizational factors. Methodology: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted between June and November 2024. The Standardized Nordic Questionnaire to assess the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in nine body regions: neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands, upper back, lower back, hips/thighs, knees and ankles/feet, together with a survey on sociodemographic and organizational variables, was applied to 40 technicians and professionals from four private clinical laboratories in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador. A descriptive analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies, and Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to evaluate associations between variables. GraphPad Prism software version 8.0 was used, considering a value of p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: 71.3 % of the participants reported musculoskeletal symptoms. The most affected body areas were the trunk (37.15 %), neck (15.33 %), shoulders (14.46 %) and wrists (10.02 %). The highest prevalence was observed in the age group 26 to 50 years. A significant association was found between the presence of MSDs and female sex (p = 0.007), as well as with shift work (p = 0.049). Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of MSDs in clinical laboratory personnel, which highlights the need to implement preventive measures aimed at the ergonomic redesign of the work environment, as well as training programs focused on the specific risks associated with these functions.

Does supine positioning improve the surgical treatment of shaft fractures of the clavicle?

2025-06-10T16:43:10+00:00

Surgical management of diaphyseal clavicle fractures has increased in recent years. It is well established that upright radiographs more accurately assess fracture displacement compared to those taken in the supine position. This study investigates the influence of the supine position during surgical treatment of these fractures. A retrospective study was conducted on 22 patients: 11 operated in the supine position (Group A) and 11 in the beach chair position (Group B). Demographic data, quality of fracture reduction, surgical time, and operative room occupancy time were analyzed. Patients were comparable in terms of age, sex, and fracture type. The median follow-up was 7 months (range: 3-12). The operative room occupancy time was 120 minutes (range: 85-140) in Group A versus 180 minutes (range: 170-185) in Group B, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). Surgical time was 80 minutes (range: 58-95) in Group A compared to 100 minutes (range: 90-125) in Group B (p < 0.05). Satisfactory fracture reduction was achieved in all 11 patients in Group A and in 8 patients in Group B (p = 0.0104). Supine positioning for osteosynthesis of diaphyseal clavicle fractures appears to be a favorable option due to advantages in fracture reduction and patient positioning, without an observed increase in complications.

Word recognition under simplified optimal presentation level: a scoping review of oral vs. digital word lists

2025-09-01T23:04:16+00:00

The evaluation of word recognition plays a key role in contemporary audiology, amid a growing debate on the advantages of digitized testing compared with traditional live-voice presentation. This scoping review analyzed studies published between 2020 and 2025, following the PRISMAScR methodology, to compare both modalities and to examine the use of the simplified optimal presentation level (PTA + 30 dB). Findings indicate that digitized word lists provide greater reliability, repeatability, and interexaminer consistency than live-voice presentation. Significant technological progress has been observed, including the development of mobile applications that promote automation and standardization of evaluations. However, major limitations persist, such as the limited adoption of the fixed-intensity criterion (PTA + 30 dB) and the absence of robust statistical analyses, including Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients. Although digitalization has solid methodological foundations, further research employing rigorous comparative designs, advanced reliability analyses, and validation through neurophysiological correlates is required to consolidate its implementation as a clinical standard.

Clinical utility of point-of-care ultrasonography in the patient on shock: A narrative review

2025-01-02T12:47:10+00:00

Shock, a medical emergency characterized by inadequate perfusion and organ dysfunction, can be classified as distributive, hypovolemic, cardiogenic and obstructive. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has established itself as a fundamental tool in the differential diagnosis and therapeutic guidance in patients with shock. This article reviews the clinical utility of POCUS, highlighting its high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating types of shock, with sensitivities and specificities greater than 90% in scenarios such as hypovolemic and obstructive shock. In addition, the use of POCUS has been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy in the emergency department, optimize hydric resuscitation and reduce mortality in critical patients. Its implementation strengthens clinical decision making, integrating a rapid and effective diagnostic approach that favors interdisciplinary management to prevent multiorgan failure and death.

Lichen sclerosus and thyroid autoimmunity: a timely call for routine TSH and anti-TPO screening

2025-10-23T15:48:01+00:00

N/A

Therapeutic revolution in the management of metastatic prostate cancer

2025-04-01T14:52:19+00:00

not applicable

Cancer research in Chile: beyond universities, contributions from The National Cancer Institute

2025-03-31T12:07:18+00:00

Reel’s syndrome, an unusual cause of lead displacement

2025-01-02T12:31:30+00:00

Background: Ventricular capture failure could be a sign of macrodisplacement. Electrode displacement is one of the complications related to cardiac pacing. Knowing the different production mechanisms of macrodisplacements is not just for a nominal distinction. It is important to understand that the mechanisms are different, that´s why each type of macrodisplacement requires different form of therapy. Case report: A 79-year-old male patient. On physical examination, the heart rate was 38 beats per minute. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG-12) showed a second-degree 2:1 atrioventricular block. It was decided to implant a VVIR pacemaker. On follow-up, the ECG-12 review showed ventricular capture failure without spike and 2:1 atrioventricular block. The fluoroscopic study showed electrode displacement. The distal tip of the electrode was in the area of the pacemaker pocket with radiological appearance of thread wound on a reel. Reintervention was immediately decided, during surgery, the diagnosis of reel type macrodisplacement was corroborated. The lead was repositioned in the right ventricle. Conclusions: Knowledge of the risk factors allows us to avoid macrodisplacement syndromes of the electrode. Knowing the different mechanisms of production of the three syndromes described is of great importance to finally carry out the appropriate therapy.