Parámetros bioquímicos y adherencia a la dieta en diabéticos tipo 2 en hemodiálisis
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Resumen
Introducción: El incumplimiento de la dieta y la ingesta de líquidos del paciente en hemodiálisis pueden provocar la acumulación de metabolitos tóxicos en la sangre, lo que provoca una mayor morbilidad y muerte prematura. Objetivo: determinar los parámetros bioquímicos y la adherencia a la dieta en los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 en hemodiálisis que asisten a la unidad de diálisis del Hospital General IESS Riobamba. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, prospectiva, cuasi-experimental de diseño longitudinal en 87 sujetos con nefropatía diabética de ambos sexos con edades entre 40 y 70 años, que estuviesen recibiendo tratamiento de diálisis. Se realizaron mediciones bioquímicas (hematológicas, perfil metabólico y lipídico, albúmina y electrolitos) y se aplicó el cuestionario de no adherencia a dieta y líquidos para hemodiálisis (DDFQ) Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en el género masculino en los siguientes parámetros: hemoglobina, creatinina y albumina. Mientras que en las mujeres se encontraron diferencias significativas en la concentración de ácido úrico. En ambos sexos se observaron diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de fosforo y potasio (p<0.05). Alrededor de 80% de los pacientes manifestó un grado de desviación de 1 a 3 (entre la no desviación y la desviación moderada) a las restricciones de dieta y líquidos Conclusión: se encontró en la mayoría de los pacientes una buena adherencia a las restricciones de dieta y líquidos que guardó relación con los principales parámetros bioquímicos estudiados.
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