Ventilación mecánica invasiva en el paciente con trauma raquimedular: Revisión de la literatura
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El trauma raquimedular (TRM) representa una grave emergencia médica que compromete la función neurológica y respiratoria. Las lesiones iniciales desencadenan una serie de procesos fisiopatológicos, incluida la inflamación y la isquemia, que pueden agravar el daño neural. La disfunción respiratoria es común debido al compromiso de los músculos respiratorios y la pérdida de la función diafragmática. La ventilación mecánica (VM) es esencial para estabilizar al paciente y facilitar la rehabilitación. Sin embargo, la VM en el TRM enfrenta desafíos únicos, como la prevención de la atrofia muscular y la gestión de complicaciones como la neumonía asociada a la ventilación. Estrategias específicas, como la ventilación no invasiva y la sincronización paciente-respirador, son cruciales para mejorar los resultados. El manejo multidisciplinario con neurocirujanos, intensivistas y fisioterapeutas es fundamental para abordar las complejidades clínicas y funcionales del TRM y la VM, asegurando una atención integral y una recuperación óptima.
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