Cambios en el estado afectivo y la atribución emocional durante las fluctuaciones de estradiol del ciclo ovárico en estudiantes universitarias
Cambios en el estado afectivo y la atribución emocional durante las fluctuaciones de estradiol del ciclo ovárico en estudiantes universitarias
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar si existía algún tipo de relación entre las fluctuaciones de estradiol del ciclo ovárico, dos variables de la afectividad, la distimia y la eutimia, y el tipo de atribuciones emocionales, positivas, negativas o neutras, realizadas a estímulos semánticos y faciales. Para ello se midieron los niveles hormonales de 17-? estradiol en saliva, a través de kits ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) en 64 mujeres, de entre 18 y 19 años. Los sujetos realizaron el Inventario de Depresión Estado/Rasgo (IDER) y dos pruebas de atribución emocional, para estímulos verbales y faciales, en dos momentos del ciclo, cuando sus niveles de estradiol eran elevados y cuando éstos eran bajos. Las mujeres estudiadas obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente superiores en los ítems de eutimia estado y en el número de atribuciones positivas realizadas, tanto a los estímulos faciales como semánticos, cuando sus niveles de estradiol eran mayores, que cuando sus niveles de estradiol eran bajos. Los resultados sugieren que el estradiol podría ser uno de los factores que participan en la modulación y la regulación del estado afectivo positivo. Con esta investigación se pretende dar un nuevo enfoque para reforzar la resiliencia psicológica y promover la salud mental.
Citas
Albert, K., Pruessner, J. y Newhouse, P. (2015). Estradiol Levels Modulate Brain Activity and
Negative Responses to Psychosocial Stress across the Menstrual Cycle.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 59, 14–24.
Armbruster, D., Grage, T., Kirschbaum, C. y Strobel, A. (2018). Processing emotions: Effects of
menstrual cycle phase and premenstrual symptoms on the startle reflex, facial EMG and
heart rate. Behav Brain Res. 1(351), 178-187.
Bayer, J., Schultz, H., Gamer, M. y Sommer, T. (2014). Menstrual-cycle dependent fluctuations in
ovarian hormones affect emotional memory. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory,
110, 55-63.
Brockmeyer, T., Kulessa, D., Hautzinger, M., Bents, H. y Backenstrass, M. (2015). Moodincongruent
processing during the recall of a sad life event predicts the course and
severity of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 187, 91–96.
Bush, K.A., Inman, C.S., Hamann, S., Kilts, C.D. y James, G.A. (2017). Distributed Neural
Processing Predictors of Multi-dimensional Properties of Affect. Frontiers in Human
Neuroscience, 11, 459.
da Costa, S. y Páez, D. (2015). Afectividad inducida e impacto en la creatividad, crecimiento
personal despue?s del cambio y ajuste percibido al narrar una experiencia emocional
intensa. Anales de Psicología, 31(2), 716-724.
Del Río, J.P., Alliende, M.I., Molina, N., Serrano, F.G., Molina, S. y Vigil, P. (2018). Steroid
Hormones and Their Action in Women’s Brains: The Importance of Hormonal Balance.
Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 141.
Diekhof, E.K. y Ratnayake, M. (2016). Menstrual cycle phase modulates reward sensitivity and
performance monitoring in young women: Preliminary fMRI evidence.
Neuropsychologia, 84, 70-80.
Dreher, J.C., Schmidt, P.J., Kohn, P., Furman, D., Rubinow, D. y Berman, K.F. (2007). Menstrual
cycle phase modulates reward-related neural function in women. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(7), 2465–2470.
Fernández, A., Díez, E., Alonso, M.A. y Beato, M.S. (2004). Free-association norms for the
Spanish names of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures. Behavior Research Methods,
Instruments, & Computers, 36, 577-583.
Flöter A.J., Nathorst-Böös, J., Carlström, K. y von Schoultz, B. (2002). Addition of testosterone to
estrogen replacement therapy in oophorectomized women: effects on sexuality and wellbeing,
Climacteric, 5(4), 357-365.
Gordon, J.L., Rubinow, D.R., Eisenlohr-Moul, T.A., Xia, K., Schmidt, P.J. y Girdler, S.S. (2018).
Efficacy of Transdermal Estradiol and Micronized Progesterone in the Prevention of
Depressive Symptoms in the Menopause TransitionA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA
Psychiatry, 75(2), 149–157.
Graham, B.M., Denson, T.F., Barnett, J., Calderwood, C. y Grisham, J.R. (2018). Sex Hormones
Are Associated With Rumination and Interact With Emotion Regulation Strategy Choice
to Predict Negative Affect in Women Following a Sad Mood Induction. Frontiers in
Psychology, 9, 937.
Grupe, D.W., Schaefer, S.M., Lapate, R.C., Schoen, A.J., Gresham, L.K., Mumford, J.A. y
Davidson, R.J. (2018). Behavioral and neural indices of affective coloring for neutral
social stimuli. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 13(3), 310–320.
Herrera, A.Y., Hodis, H.N., Mack, W.J. y Mather, M. (2017) Estradiol Therapy After Menopause
Mitigates Effects of Stress on Cortisol and Working Memory. The Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology y Metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol, 102(12),4457-4466.
Karlsson, S., Henningsson, S., Hovey, D., Zettergren, A., Jonsson, L., Cortes, D.S. y Westberg, L.
(2016). Social memory associated with estrogen receptor polymorphisms in women.
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(6), 877–883.
Kiesner, J., Mendle, J., Eisenlohr-Moul, T.A. y Pastore, M. (2016). Cyclical symptom change
across the menstrual cycle. Clin. Psychol. Sci. 4, 882–894.
Le Moult, J. y Gotlib, I.H. (2018). Depression: A cognitive perspective. Clinical Psychology
Review, (17), 30391-30394.
Li, S.H. y Graham, B.M. (2017). Why are women so vulnerable to anxiety, trauma- and stressrelated
disorders? The potential role of sex hormones. Lancet Psychiatry, 4,73–82.
Lorenz, T.K., Gesselman, A.N. y Vitzthum, V.J. (2017). Variance in Mood Symptoms Across
Menstrual Cycles: Implications for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Women’s
Reproductive Health (Philadelphia, Pa.), 4(2), 77–88.
Mare?ková, K., Perrin, J.S., Nawaz Khan, I., Lawrence, C., Dickie, E. y McQuiggan, D.A. (2014).
Hormonal contraceptives, menstrual cycle and brain response to faces. Social Cognitive
and Affective Neuroscience, 9(2), 191–200.
Mulligan, E.M., Nelson, B.D., Infantolino, Z.P., Luking, K.R., Sharma, R. y Hajcak, G. (2018).
Effects of menstrual cycle phase on electrocortical response to reward and depressive
symptoms in women. Psychophysiology, 16 PÁG
Natale, V., Albertazzi, P. y Cangini, A. (2003). The Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Dreaming.
Biological Rhythm Research, 34(3), 295-303.
Okely, J.A., Weiss, A. y Gale, C.R. (2017). The interaction between stress and positive affect in
predicting mortality. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 100, 53–60.
Pletzer, B., Kronbichler, M., Aichhorn, M., Bergmann, J., Ladurner, G. y Kerschbaum, H.H.
(2010). Menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive use modulate human brain
structure. Brain Res. 12(1348), 55-62.
Preece, D., Becerra, R., Robinson, K., Dandy, J. y Allan, A. (2018). Measuring emotion regulation
ability across negative and positive emotions: The Perth Emotion Regulation
Competency Inventory (PERCI). Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 229-241.
Rubinow, D. R., Smith, M.J., Schenkel, L.A., Schmidt, P.J. y Dancer, K. (2007). Facial Emotion
Discrimination Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder (PMDD) and Controls. Journal of Affective Disorders, 104(1-3), 37–44.
Schiller, D. y Delgado, M.R. (2010). Overlapping neural systems mediating extinction, reversal
and regulation of fear. Trends Cogn. Sci. 14, 268–276.
Schwarz, J., Rief, W., Radkovsky, A., Berking, M. y Kleinstauber, M. (2017). Negative affect as
mediator between emotion regulation and medically unexplained symptoms. Journal of
Psychosomatic Research, 101,114-121.
Sundström-Poromaa (2018). The Menstrual Cycle Influences Emotion but Has Limited Effect on
Cognitive Function. Vitam Horm. 107, 349-376.
Spielberger, C.D., Agudelo, D. y Buela-Casal, G. (2008). Inventario de Depresión Estado/Rasgo
(IDER). Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
Spielberger, C.D., Ritterband, L., Reheiser, E. y Brunner, T. (2003). The nature and measurement
of depression. Revista Internacional de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud/International
Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 3, 209-234. Recuperado de
http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33730201.pdf
Spindler, H., Denollet, J., Kruse, C. y Pedersen, S.S. (2009). Positive affect and negative affect
correlate differently with distress and health-related quality of life in patients with
cardiac conditions: Validation of the Danish Global Mood Scale. Journal of
Psychosomatic Research, 67(1), 57-65.
van Wingen, G., van Broekhoven, F., Verkes R.J., Petersson, K.M., Bäckström, T. y Buitelaar, J.
(2008). Progesterone selectively increases amygdala reactivity in women. Mol.
Psychiatry, VOL/NUM, 13325–13333.
Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ma, L., Zhang, R., De, Y., Yang, X. y Wu, Q. (2015). Development of an
improved competitive ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody against
lipopolysaccharide for the detection of bovine brucellosis. BMC Veterinary Research,
11, 118.
Yen, J.Y., Wang, P.W., Su, C.H., Liu, T.L., Long, C.Y. y Ko, C.H. (2018). Estrogen levels,
emotion regulation, and emotional symptoms of women with premenstrual dysphoric
disorder: The moderating effect of estrogen receptor 1? polymorphism. Prog
Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2(82), 216-223.
Young, A., Perrett, D.I., Calder, A., Sprengelmeyer, R.H. y Ekman, P.(2002). Facial expressions
of emotion: Stimuli and Test (FEEST).
Zhang, Y. y Han, B. (2016). Positive affect and mortality risk in older adults: A meta-analysis.
Psych J. Jun, 5(2):125-138.
Negative Responses to Psychosocial Stress across the Menstrual Cycle.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 59, 14–24.
Armbruster, D., Grage, T., Kirschbaum, C. y Strobel, A. (2018). Processing emotions: Effects of
menstrual cycle phase and premenstrual symptoms on the startle reflex, facial EMG and
heart rate. Behav Brain Res. 1(351), 178-187.
Bayer, J., Schultz, H., Gamer, M. y Sommer, T. (2014). Menstrual-cycle dependent fluctuations in
ovarian hormones affect emotional memory. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory,
110, 55-63.
Brockmeyer, T., Kulessa, D., Hautzinger, M., Bents, H. y Backenstrass, M. (2015). Moodincongruent
processing during the recall of a sad life event predicts the course and
severity of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 187, 91–96.
Bush, K.A., Inman, C.S., Hamann, S., Kilts, C.D. y James, G.A. (2017). Distributed Neural
Processing Predictors of Multi-dimensional Properties of Affect. Frontiers in Human
Neuroscience, 11, 459.
da Costa, S. y Páez, D. (2015). Afectividad inducida e impacto en la creatividad, crecimiento
personal despue?s del cambio y ajuste percibido al narrar una experiencia emocional
intensa. Anales de Psicología, 31(2), 716-724.
Del Río, J.P., Alliende, M.I., Molina, N., Serrano, F.G., Molina, S. y Vigil, P. (2018). Steroid
Hormones and Their Action in Women’s Brains: The Importance of Hormonal Balance.
Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 141.
Diekhof, E.K. y Ratnayake, M. (2016). Menstrual cycle phase modulates reward sensitivity and
performance monitoring in young women: Preliminary fMRI evidence.
Neuropsychologia, 84, 70-80.
Dreher, J.C., Schmidt, P.J., Kohn, P., Furman, D., Rubinow, D. y Berman, K.F. (2007). Menstrual
cycle phase modulates reward-related neural function in women. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(7), 2465–2470.
Fernández, A., Díez, E., Alonso, M.A. y Beato, M.S. (2004). Free-association norms for the
Spanish names of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures. Behavior Research Methods,
Instruments, & Computers, 36, 577-583.
Flöter A.J., Nathorst-Böös, J., Carlström, K. y von Schoultz, B. (2002). Addition of testosterone to
estrogen replacement therapy in oophorectomized women: effects on sexuality and wellbeing,
Climacteric, 5(4), 357-365.
Gordon, J.L., Rubinow, D.R., Eisenlohr-Moul, T.A., Xia, K., Schmidt, P.J. y Girdler, S.S. (2018).
Efficacy of Transdermal Estradiol and Micronized Progesterone in the Prevention of
Depressive Symptoms in the Menopause TransitionA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA
Psychiatry, 75(2), 149–157.
Graham, B.M., Denson, T.F., Barnett, J., Calderwood, C. y Grisham, J.R. (2018). Sex Hormones
Are Associated With Rumination and Interact With Emotion Regulation Strategy Choice
to Predict Negative Affect in Women Following a Sad Mood Induction. Frontiers in
Psychology, 9, 937.
Grupe, D.W., Schaefer, S.M., Lapate, R.C., Schoen, A.J., Gresham, L.K., Mumford, J.A. y
Davidson, R.J. (2018). Behavioral and neural indices of affective coloring for neutral
social stimuli. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 13(3), 310–320.
Herrera, A.Y., Hodis, H.N., Mack, W.J. y Mather, M. (2017) Estradiol Therapy After Menopause
Mitigates Effects of Stress on Cortisol and Working Memory. The Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology y Metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol, 102(12),4457-4466.
Karlsson, S., Henningsson, S., Hovey, D., Zettergren, A., Jonsson, L., Cortes, D.S. y Westberg, L.
(2016). Social memory associated with estrogen receptor polymorphisms in women.
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(6), 877–883.
Kiesner, J., Mendle, J., Eisenlohr-Moul, T.A. y Pastore, M. (2016). Cyclical symptom change
across the menstrual cycle. Clin. Psychol. Sci. 4, 882–894.
Le Moult, J. y Gotlib, I.H. (2018). Depression: A cognitive perspective. Clinical Psychology
Review, (17), 30391-30394.
Li, S.H. y Graham, B.M. (2017). Why are women so vulnerable to anxiety, trauma- and stressrelated
disorders? The potential role of sex hormones. Lancet Psychiatry, 4,73–82.
Lorenz, T.K., Gesselman, A.N. y Vitzthum, V.J. (2017). Variance in Mood Symptoms Across
Menstrual Cycles: Implications for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Women’s
Reproductive Health (Philadelphia, Pa.), 4(2), 77–88.
Mare?ková, K., Perrin, J.S., Nawaz Khan, I., Lawrence, C., Dickie, E. y McQuiggan, D.A. (2014).
Hormonal contraceptives, menstrual cycle and brain response to faces. Social Cognitive
and Affective Neuroscience, 9(2), 191–200.
Mulligan, E.M., Nelson, B.D., Infantolino, Z.P., Luking, K.R., Sharma, R. y Hajcak, G. (2018).
Effects of menstrual cycle phase on electrocortical response to reward and depressive
symptoms in women. Psychophysiology, 16 PÁG
Natale, V., Albertazzi, P. y Cangini, A. (2003). The Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Dreaming.
Biological Rhythm Research, 34(3), 295-303.
Okely, J.A., Weiss, A. y Gale, C.R. (2017). The interaction between stress and positive affect in
predicting mortality. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 100, 53–60.
Pletzer, B., Kronbichler, M., Aichhorn, M., Bergmann, J., Ladurner, G. y Kerschbaum, H.H.
(2010). Menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive use modulate human brain
structure. Brain Res. 12(1348), 55-62.
Preece, D., Becerra, R., Robinson, K., Dandy, J. y Allan, A. (2018). Measuring emotion regulation
ability across negative and positive emotions: The Perth Emotion Regulation
Competency Inventory (PERCI). Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 229-241.
Rubinow, D. R., Smith, M.J., Schenkel, L.A., Schmidt, P.J. y Dancer, K. (2007). Facial Emotion
Discrimination Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder (PMDD) and Controls. Journal of Affective Disorders, 104(1-3), 37–44.
Schiller, D. y Delgado, M.R. (2010). Overlapping neural systems mediating extinction, reversal
and regulation of fear. Trends Cogn. Sci. 14, 268–276.
Schwarz, J., Rief, W., Radkovsky, A., Berking, M. y Kleinstauber, M. (2017). Negative affect as
mediator between emotion regulation and medically unexplained symptoms. Journal of
Psychosomatic Research, 101,114-121.
Sundström-Poromaa (2018). The Menstrual Cycle Influences Emotion but Has Limited Effect on
Cognitive Function. Vitam Horm. 107, 349-376.
Spielberger, C.D., Agudelo, D. y Buela-Casal, G. (2008). Inventario de Depresión Estado/Rasgo
(IDER). Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
Spielberger, C.D., Ritterband, L., Reheiser, E. y Brunner, T. (2003). The nature and measurement
of depression. Revista Internacional de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud/International
Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 3, 209-234. Recuperado de
http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/337/33730201.pdf
Spindler, H., Denollet, J., Kruse, C. y Pedersen, S.S. (2009). Positive affect and negative affect
correlate differently with distress and health-related quality of life in patients with
cardiac conditions: Validation of the Danish Global Mood Scale. Journal of
Psychosomatic Research, 67(1), 57-65.
van Wingen, G., van Broekhoven, F., Verkes R.J., Petersson, K.M., Bäckström, T. y Buitelaar, J.
(2008). Progesterone selectively increases amygdala reactivity in women. Mol.
Psychiatry, VOL/NUM, 13325–13333.
Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ma, L., Zhang, R., De, Y., Yang, X. y Wu, Q. (2015). Development of an
improved competitive ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody against
lipopolysaccharide for the detection of bovine brucellosis. BMC Veterinary Research,
11, 118.
Yen, J.Y., Wang, P.W., Su, C.H., Liu, T.L., Long, C.Y. y Ko, C.H. (2018). Estrogen levels,
emotion regulation, and emotional symptoms of women with premenstrual dysphoric
disorder: The moderating effect of estrogen receptor 1? polymorphism. Prog
Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2(82), 216-223.
Young, A., Perrett, D.I., Calder, A., Sprengelmeyer, R.H. y Ekman, P.(2002). Facial expressions
of emotion: Stimuli and Test (FEEST).
Zhang, Y. y Han, B. (2016). Positive affect and mortality risk in older adults: A meta-analysis.
Psych J. Jun, 5(2):125-138.