The maturity before the mirror: Interrelation between the corporal and vital satisfaction of the elderly in Spain
The maturity before the mirror: Interrelation between the corporal and vital satisfaction of the elderly in Spain
Main Article Content
Abstract
Body and life satisfaction are intimately related during youth and adulthood. However, in old age both processes suffer severe transformations that could significantly modify the nature of this relationship. This study aims to assess whether the relationship between body satisfaction and old age remains stable during old age and what are the factors that determine the nature of this relationship, assessing age, sex, presence of a couple and the environment as study variables. It is used the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ. Cooper, Taylor, Cooper, & Fairburn, 1987, adapted and validated on Spanish population by Raich et al., 1996) to measure body satisfaction, and the Vital Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSV. Sánchez, 2012) to measure life satisfaction. The results indicate that the greatest body dissatisfaction after 65 years of age is directly associated with being a woman, living in an urban environment and having a current partner. After 50 years, body and vital satisfaction continues to correlate strongly for women, but the differences observed according to sex are mediated by the presence of a couple, which has an inverse functioning for men and women, and masks the possible influence of the sex factor in the study participants.
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Indicadores estadísticos básicos. Informes Envejecimiento en red, 15, 41-48.
Aberg, A.C., Sindeval, B., Hepworth, M., O'Reilly, K. y Lithell, H. (2005). On loss of activity and
independence, adaptation improves life satisfaction in old age. A qualitative study of
patients' perceptions Quality of Life Research. An International Journal of Quality of Life
Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation. 14(4), 1111-1125.
Baile, J.I., Guillén, F. y Garrido, E. (2002). Insatisfacción corporal en adolescentes medida con el
Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ): Efecto del anonimato, el sexo y la edad. Revista
Internacional de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud. 2(3), 439-450.
Boyes, A.D., Fletcher, G.J.O. y Latner, J.D. (2007). Male and female body image and dieting in the
context of intimate relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 764-768.
Cash, T.F. (2015). Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). In Encyclopedia
of Feeding and Eating Disorders (pp. 1-4). Springer: Singapore.
Cash, T.F. (2017). Body Image: A joyous journey. Body Image, 23. A1-A2.
Castellano, C.L. (2014). La influencia del apoyo social en el estado emocional y las actitudes hacia
la vejez y el envejecimiento en una muestra de ancianos. International Journal of
psychology and psychological therapy, 14(3), 365-377.
Chacón-Borrego, F., Corral-Pernía, J.A., y Castañeda-Vázquez, C. (2017). Relación entre actividad
física, estados de ánimo y género en personas adultas. European Journal of Health
Research, 3(3), 163-171.
Cooper, P.J., Taylor, M.J., Cooper, Z. y Fairburn, C.G. (1987). The development and validation of
the Body Shape Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 485-494.
Davison, T.E., y McCabe, M.P. (2005). Relationships between men's and women's body image and
their psychological, social, and sexual functioning. Sex Roles, 52(7-8), 463-475.
Frederick, D.A., Buchanan, G.M., Sadehgi-Azar, L., Peplau, L.A, Haselton, M.G., Berezovskaya,
A. y Lipinski, R.E. (2007). Desiring the muscular ideal: Men's body satisfaction in the
United States, Ukraine, and Ghana. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8(2), 103-117.
Garner, D.M., Olmstead, M.P., y Polivy, J. (1983). Development and validation of a
multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
International journal of eating disorders, 2(2), 15-34.
González, A. (2017). ¿Cómo me veo?: Mujeres mayores hablan de los cambios corporales sufridos
con el paso del tiempo. Revista Costarricense de Trabajo Social, (22), 29-40.
Gubrium, J.F., y Holstein, J.A. (2006). The Life Course. Handbook of symbolic interactionism.
Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Homan, K.J., y Tylka, T.L. (2018). Development and exploration of the gratitude model of body
appreciation in women. Body image, 25, 14-22.
Hudson, N.W., Lucas, R.E. y Donnellan, M.B. (2016). Getting older, feeling less? A cross-sectional
and longitudinal investigation of developmental patterns in experiential well-being.
Psychology and Aging, 31(8), 847-861.
Karazsia, B.T., Murnen, S.K. y Tylka, T.L. (2017). Is body dissatisfaction changing across time? A
cross-temporal meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 143(3), 293-320.
Kozar, J.M. (2005). Relationship of attitudes toward advertising images and self-perceptions of older
women. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences,
65(8), 3116.
Maganto, C., Garaigordobil, M. y Kortabarria, L., (2017). Eating Problems in Adolescents and
Youths: Explanatory Variables. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19(81), 1-9.
doi.10.1017/sjp.2016.74
Mangweth?Matzek, B., Rupp, C.I., Hausmann, A., Assmayr, K., Mariacher, E., Kemmler, G., ... y
Biebl, W. (2006). Never too old for eating disorders or body dissatisfaction: A community
study of elderly women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39(7), 583-586.
Markey, C.N., Markey, P.M. y Birch, L.L. (2001). Interpersonal predictors of dieting practices
among married couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 464-475.
Mellor, D., Connaughton, C., McCabe, M.P. y Tatangelo, G. (2017). Better with age: A health
promotion program for men at midlife. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 18(1), 40-49.
Murray, T., y Lewis, V. (2014). Gender-role conflict and men’s body satisfaction: The moderating
role of age. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 15(1), 40-48.
Parra-Rizo, M.A. (2017). Componentes de influencia más valorados en la calidad de vida por las
personas mayores de 60 años físicamente activas. European Journal of Investigation in
Health, Psychology and Education, 7(3), 135-144. doi: 10.30552/ejihpe.v7i3.202
Raich, R.M. (2004). Una perspectiva desde la Psicología de la Salud de la Imagen Corporal. En
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología. Número monográfico: Psicología de la Salud de
la Mujer. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 22, 15-27.
Raich, R.M., Mora, M., Soler, A., Ávila, C., Clos, I. y Zapater, L. (1996). Adaptación de un
instrumento de evaluación de la insatisfacción corporal (BSQ). Clínica y Salud, 8, 51- 66.
Rosen, J.C. (2006). Eating Disorders: Pulling it all Together. PsycCRITIQUES, ElectronicCollection.
Sabik, N., y Versey, H.S. (2016). Functional limitations, body perceptions, and health outcomes
among older African American women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority
Psychology, 22(4), 594-601.
Sánchez, R. (2012). IMAGINA, Programa de Mejora de la Autoestima y la Imagen Corporal para
Adultos. Logroño: Editorial Sinindice.
Sánchez, R. y Maganto, C. (2018). Body Image and Old Age. Descriptive Study of the Spanish
Social Reality. Journal of Education and Human Development, 7(1), 25-36. Recuperado
de: http://jehdnet.com/journals/jehd/Vol_7_No_1_March_2018/4.pdf
Thompson, J.K. (2004). Handbook of Eating Disorders and Obesity. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Yanguas, J.J. (2006). Análisis de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en la vejez desde una
perspectiva multidimensional. Colección estudios: Personas Mayores. Madrid:
IMSERSO.
Zeman, Z., y Zeman, M.G. (2015). “Young” heart in “old” body. Experiences of ageing from older
persons’ perspective. Etnološka tribina, 38.