Experiences of burnout in odontologists in the Valencian Community
Experiences of burnout in odontologists in the Valencian Community
Main Article Content
Abstract
The health professionals have high stress and burnout levels being dentistry a little-studied specialty in the health profession in this respect. The objective of this study was to analyze burnout in dentists in the Valencian Community, analyzing the relationship in dentists between job satisfaction, general self-esteem and perceived stress. To this end, an observational study was carried out, where data was collected from 366 dentists, who filled out a series of online questionnaires anonymously between January and May 2018. The results showed that the participants had burnout levels below average, stress levels slightly above average, with high levels of job satisfaction and self-esteem. Self-esteem was positively and significantly related to job satisfaction and negatively to stress and burnout. Finally, linear regression analysis showed that the perception of stress positively and significantly predicted the overall burnout sensation experienced by the participants, while both job satisfaction perception and self-esteem negatively and significantly predicted participant burnout. We concluded that to prevent burnout, adequate job satisfaction and low levels of stress must be promoted, together with high levels of self-esteem in the professional's life.
References
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Mahmoud, T., y Ghada, M. (2012). Application of the perceived stress scale in health care studies.
An analysis of literature. International Journal of Academic Research, 4(4), 45–50.
Maslach, C., y Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of
Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99–113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
Moore, R., y Brødsgaard, I. (2001). Dentists’ perceived stress and its relation to perceptions about
anxious patients. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 29(1), 73–80.
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.029001073.x
Osborne, D., y Croucher, R. (1994). Levels of burnout in general dental practitioners in the southeast of England. British Dental Journal, 177(10), 372–377. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4808616
Peiró, J. (1999). Desencadenantes en el estrés laboral. Madrid: Ediciones Pirámide.
Pérez, J., y Fidalgo, M. (1993). Satisfacción laboral: Escala General de Satisfacción. Madrid:
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo.
Pinilla-Domínguez, J. (2012). Futuro incierto de la profesión de dentista en España. Gaceta
Sanitaria, 26(6), 495–496. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.06.003
Puriene, A., Aleksejuniene, J., Petrauskiene, J., Balciuniene, I., y Janulyte, V. (2008). Selfperceived mental health and job satisfaction among Lithuanian dentists. Industrial
Health, 46, 247–252.
Rada, R.E., y Johnson-Leong, C. (2004). Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among dentists.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 135(6), 788–794.
doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0279
Remor, E. (2006). Psychometric Properties of a European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress
Scale (PSS). The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 86–93.
Reyes-Torres, M., Ríos-Santos, J.V., López-Jiménez, A., Herrero-Climent, M., y Bullón, P.
(2012). Job satisfaction and depression in the Spanish Society of Periodontology and
Research (SEPA) members, and their relation to the burnout syndrome. Creation of a
structural model. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 17(5), 821-824.
doi:10.4317/medoral.17478
Ríos-Santos, J., Reyes-Torres, M., López-Jiménez, A., Morillo-Velázquez, J.M., y Bullón, P.
(2010). Burnout and depression among Spanish periodontology practitioners. Medicina
Oral Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 15(5), 813–819. doi:10.4317/medoral.15.e813.
Rivera, M.I. (2015). Demografía de la profesión dental en la provincia de Valencia (Tesis
Doctoral). Universitat de València, Valencia.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-Image. Science, 148(3671), 804.
doi:10.1126/science.148.3671.804.
Seisdedos, N. (1997). MBI. Inventario de “Burnout” de Maslach: Manual. Madrid: TEA.
Siegrist, J. (1990). Measuring the social dimension of subjective health in chronic illness.
Psychoterapy and Psychosomatics, 54, 90–98. doi:10.1159/000288383
Sobrequés, J., Cebrià, J., Segura, J., Rodríguez, C., García, M., y Juncosa, S. (2003). La
satisfacción laboral y el desgaste profesional de los médicos de atención primaria.
Atención Primaria, 31(4), 227–233. doi:10.1016/S0212-6567(03)79164-1
Uribe, S., Jocelyn, O., y Castro-Caro, V. (2014). Factores que explican la satisfacción laboral de
odontólogos en Chile. Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación
Oral, 7(3), 128–135. doi:10.1016/j.piro.2014.07.001
Warr, P., Cook, J., y Wall, T. (1979). Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and
aspects of psychological well-being. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 129–148.
Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca.
Ahola, K., y Hakanen, J. (2007). Job strain, burnout, and depressive symptoms: A prospective
study among dentists. Journal of Affective Disorders, 104(1–3), 103–110.
doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.03.004
Arias, W., Rivera, R., y Ceballos, K. (2017). Análisis Psicométrico de la Escala de Satisfacción
Laboral de Warr, Cook y Wall en una muestra multiocupacional de Arequipa, Perú.
Interacciones, 3(2), 79–85. doi:10.24016/2017.v3n2.74
Atienza, F., Moreno, Y., Balaguer, I. (2000). Análisis de la dimensionalidad de la Escala de
Autoestima de Rosenberg en una muestra de adolescentes valencianos. Revista de
Psicología. Universitas Tarraconensis, 22, 29–42.
Benavides, F.G., Gimeno, D., Benach, J., Martínez, J.M., Jarque, S., Berra, A., y Devesa, J.
(2002). Descripción de los factores de riesgo psicosocial en cuatro empresas. Gaceta
Sanitaria, 16(3), 222–229. doi:10.1016/S0213-9111(02)71665-8
Benyamini, Y., Leventhal, H., y Leventhal, E. (2004). Self-rated oral health as an independent
predictor of self-rated general health, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Social Science y
Medicine, 59, 1109–1116. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.12.021
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., y Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal
of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396. doi:10.2307/2136404
Chakraborti, A., Ray, P., Sanyal, D., Thakurta, R.G., Bhattacharayya, A.K., Mallick, A.K.,… y
Ali, S.N. (2013). Assessing perceived stress in medical personnel: In search of an
appropriate scale for the Bengali population. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine,
35(1), 29–33. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.112197
Denton, D.A., Newton, J.T., y Bower, E.J. (2008). Occupational burnout and work engagement: A
national survey of dentists in the United Kingdom. British Dental Journal, 205(7), 10–
11. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.654
DiMatteo, M.R., Shugars, D.A., y Hays, R.D. (1993). Occupational stress, life stress and mental
health among dentists. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66(2),
153–162. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1993.tb00524.x
Fernández-López, J., Siegrist, J., Rödel, A., y Hernández-Mejía, R. (2003). El estrés laboral: Un
nuevo factor de riesgo. ¿Qué sabemos y qué podemos hacer? Atención Primaria, 31(8),
524–526. doi:10.1157/13047736
García-Rodríguez, A., Gutiérrez-Bedmar, M., y Bellón-Saame, J.A. (2015). Atención primaria,
entorno psicosocial y estrés en trabajadores sanitarios de la sanidad pública: Diferencias
entre atención primaria y hospitalaria. Atención Primaria, 47(6), 359-366.
doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2014.09.003
Goetz, K., Campbell, S., y Broge, B. (2012). The impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the
job satisfaction of dentists. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 40(2), 474–
480. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00693.x
Goetz, K., Hasse, P., Szecsenyi, J., y Campbell, S.M. (2016). Questionnaire for measuring
organisational attributes in dental-care practices: Psychometric properties and test –
retest reliability. International Dental Journal, 66, 93–98. doi:10.1111/idj.12209
Gorter, R.C., Albrecht, G., Hoogstraten, J., y Eijkman, M.A.J. (1998). Work place characteristics,
work stress and burnout among Dutch dentists. European Journal of Oral Sciences,
106(6), 999–1005.
Gorter, R.C., y Freeman, R. (2011). Burnout and engagement in relation with job demands and
resources among dental staff in Northern Ireland. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology, 39(1), 87–95. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00568.x
Hakanen, J. J., Schaufeli, W. B., y Ahola, K. (2008). The job demands-resources model: A threeyear cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement.
Work and Stress, 22(3), 224–241. doi:10.1080/02678370802379432
Hobroll, S., y Freedy, J. (1993). Conservation of resources: A general stress theory applied to
burnout. In W. Schaufeli, C. Maslach, y T. Marek (Eds.), Profesional Burnout: Recent
Developments in Theory and Research (pp. 115–1255). Washington, DC: Taylor &
Francis.
Janssen, P.P.M., Schaufeli, W.B., y Houkes, I. (1999). Work-related and individual determinants
of the three burnout dimensions. Work and Stress, 13(1), 74–86.
doi:10.1080/026783799296200
Kay, E.J., y Lowe, J.C. (2008). Summary of a survey of stress levels, self-perceived health and
health-related behaviours of UK dental practitioners in 2005. British Dental Journal,
204(11), 622–623. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.508
Luzzi, L., Spencer, A., Jones, K., y Teuser, D. (2005). Job satisfaction of dental practitioners.
British Dental Journal, 50(3), 179–185.
Luzzi, L., y Spencer, A. (2011). Job satisfaction of the oral health labour force in Australia.
Australian Dental Journal, 56(1), 23–32. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01282.x
Llodra-Calvo, J. (2010). La demografía de los dentistas en España. Situación pasada, presente y
futura. Análisis 1994-2020. Madrid: Organización Colegial de Dentistas en España.
Mahmoud, T., y Ghada, M. (2012). Application of the perceived stress scale in health care studies.
An analysis of literature. International Journal of Academic Research, 4(4), 45–50.
Maslach, C., y Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of
Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99–113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
Moore, R., y Brødsgaard, I. (2001). Dentists’ perceived stress and its relation to perceptions about
anxious patients. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 29(1), 73–80.
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.029001073.x
Osborne, D., y Croucher, R. (1994). Levels of burnout in general dental practitioners in the southeast of England. British Dental Journal, 177(10), 372–377. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4808616
Peiró, J. (1999). Desencadenantes en el estrés laboral. Madrid: Ediciones Pirámide.
Pérez, J., y Fidalgo, M. (1993). Satisfacción laboral: Escala General de Satisfacción. Madrid:
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo.
Pinilla-Domínguez, J. (2012). Futuro incierto de la profesión de dentista en España. Gaceta
Sanitaria, 26(6), 495–496. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.06.003
Puriene, A., Aleksejuniene, J., Petrauskiene, J., Balciuniene, I., y Janulyte, V. (2008). Selfperceived mental health and job satisfaction among Lithuanian dentists. Industrial
Health, 46, 247–252.
Rada, R.E., y Johnson-Leong, C. (2004). Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among dentists.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 135(6), 788–794.
doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0279
Remor, E. (2006). Psychometric Properties of a European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress
Scale (PSS). The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 86–93.
Reyes-Torres, M., Ríos-Santos, J.V., López-Jiménez, A., Herrero-Climent, M., y Bullón, P.
(2012). Job satisfaction and depression in the Spanish Society of Periodontology and
Research (SEPA) members, and their relation to the burnout syndrome. Creation of a
structural model. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 17(5), 821-824.
doi:10.4317/medoral.17478
Ríos-Santos, J., Reyes-Torres, M., López-Jiménez, A., Morillo-Velázquez, J.M., y Bullón, P.
(2010). Burnout and depression among Spanish periodontology practitioners. Medicina
Oral Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 15(5), 813–819. doi:10.4317/medoral.15.e813.
Rivera, M.I. (2015). Demografía de la profesión dental en la provincia de Valencia (Tesis
Doctoral). Universitat de València, Valencia.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-Image. Science, 148(3671), 804.
doi:10.1126/science.148.3671.804.
Seisdedos, N. (1997). MBI. Inventario de “Burnout” de Maslach: Manual. Madrid: TEA.
Siegrist, J. (1990). Measuring the social dimension of subjective health in chronic illness.
Psychoterapy and Psychosomatics, 54, 90–98. doi:10.1159/000288383
Sobrequés, J., Cebrià, J., Segura, J., Rodríguez, C., García, M., y Juncosa, S. (2003). La
satisfacción laboral y el desgaste profesional de los médicos de atención primaria.
Atención Primaria, 31(4), 227–233. doi:10.1016/S0212-6567(03)79164-1
Uribe, S., Jocelyn, O., y Castro-Caro, V. (2014). Factores que explican la satisfacción laboral de
odontólogos en Chile. Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación
Oral, 7(3), 128–135. doi:10.1016/j.piro.2014.07.001
Warr, P., Cook, J., y Wall, T. (1979). Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and
aspects of psychological well-being. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 129–148.