Factores relacionados con la calidad de la dieta en los escolares vizcaínos
Factores relacionados con la calidad de la dieta en los escolares vizcaínos
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
En España, la calidad de la dieta de los escolares es mejorable, su consumo de fruta y verduras es menor del recomendado, y su ingesta de grasas saturadas es superior a las recomendaciones. Analizar los factores relacionados con la calidad de su dieta es necesario para diseñar intervenciones orientadas a mejorarla. Los escolares completaron un cuestionario sobre calidad de la dieta, confianza y apoyo de los amigos en el consumo de fruta, verduras y alimentos bajos en grasas. Los padres completaron un cuestionario sobre apoyo familiar y reglas sobre la dieta. Tener una dieta de alta calidad se relacionó con una mayor confianza en el consumo de fruta y verduras en los escolares de educación primaria (niñas p<0,001, niños p=0,01) y secundaria (chicas p<0,01, chicos p<0,001), la presencia de más reglas sobre la dieta en primaria (niñas p<0,001, niños p<0,01), un mayor apoyo de los amigos al consumo de fruta, verduras (chicas p<0,05, chicos p<0,05) y alimentos bajos en grasas (chicas p<0,001, chicos p<0,05) en secundaria. Las futuras intervenciones orientadas a mejorar la calidad de la dieta de los escolares deberían involucrar a las familias y amigos, y potenciar la confianza en el consumo de fruta y verduras.
Citas
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10.1186/s12889-016-3002-4
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Childhood to Late Adolescence: Developmental Course and Adjustment Correlates.
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Late Adolescence: Developmental Course and Adjustment Correlates. Child
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HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Advances in
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25469407
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10.3109/17477166.2011.605895
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consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Public Health Nutrition,
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Psychological Comorbidities. Clinical Therapeutics, 35(1), A18–A32. doi:
10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.12.014
Rezali, F.W., Chin, Y.S., Mohd, Z., Mohd, B.N., Sanker, K., y Woon, F.C. (2015). Evaluation of
diet quality and its associated factors among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nutrition Research and Practice, 9(5), 511. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.511
Schwingshackl, L., Bogensberger, B., y Hoffmann, G. (2018). Diet Quality as Assessed by the
Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension Score, and Health Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis of Cohort Studies. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 118(1),
74–100.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.024
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dimensión alimentaria y nutricional. El cribado del riesgo nutricional en pediatría.
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Barcelona: Masson.
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Association of Changes in Diet Quality with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. New
England Journal of Medicine, 377(2), 143–153. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613502
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obesity rates in developed countries. BMC Medicine, 12(1), 17. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-
12-17
World Health Organization (2016). Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity.
Yee, A.Z.H., Lwin, M.O., y Ho, S.S. (2017). The influence of parental practices on child
promotive and preventive food consumption behaviors: a systematic review and metaanalysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 47.
doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0501-3
Zabinski, M.F., Daly, T., Norman, G.J., Rupp, J.W., Calfas, K.J., Sallis, J.F., y Patrick, K. (2006).
Psychosocial Correlates of Fruit, Vegetable, and Dietary Fat Intake among Adolescent
Boys and Girls. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 106(6), 814–821. doi:
10.1016/j.jada.2006.03.014
2015: Estudio de Vigilancia del Crecimiento, Alimentación, Actividad Física,
Desarrollo Infantil y Obesidad en España 2015. Madrid.
Agencia Española de Consumo, Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (2017). Estudio ENALIA 2012-
2014: Encuesta Nacional de consumo de Alimentos en población Infantil y Adolescente.
Madrid.
Ahrens, W., Pigeot, I., Pohlabeln, H., De Henauw, S., Lissner, L., Molnár, D., … IDEFICS
consortium. (2014). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in European children below
the age of 10. International Journal of Obesity, 38(S2), S99–S107. doi:
10.1038/ijo.2014.140
Ayuntamiento de Bilbao (2009). Bilbao Económico. Indicadores Socioeconómicos. Recuperado
de: http://www.bilbao.eus/.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social-Cognitive View.
Academy of Management Review, 12(1). doi: 10.5465/AMR.1987.4306538
Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M., y Dietz, W.H. (2000). Establishing a standard definition
for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ (Clinical
Research Ed.), 320(7244), 1240–1243. Recuperado de:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797032.
Cole, T.J., Flegal, K.M., Nicholls, D., y Jackson, A.A. (2007). Body mass index cut offs to define
thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. BMJ, 335(7612), 194. doi:
10.1136/bmj.39238.399444.55
Cutler, G.J., Flood, A., Hannan, P., y Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2011). Multiple Sociodemographic
and Socioenvironmental Characteristics Are Correlated with Major Patterns of Dietary
Intake in Adolescents. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(2), 230–240.
doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.10.052
Fitzgerald, A., Heary, C., Kelly, C., Nixon, E., y Shevlin, M. (2013). Self-efficacy for healthy
eating and peer support for unhealthy eating are associated with adolescents’ food intake
patterns. Appetite, 63, 48–58. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.011
Holubcikova, J., Kolarcik, P., Madarasova, A., van Dijk, J.P., y Reijneveld, S.A. (2016). Lack of
parental rule-setting on eating is associated with a wide range of adolescent unhealthy
eating behaviour both for boys and girls. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 359. doi:
10.1186/s12889-016-3002-4
Lam, C.B., McHale, S.M., y Crouter, A.C. (2012). Parent-Child Shared Time From Middle
Childhood to Late Adolescence: Developmental Course and Adjustment Correlates.
Child Development, 83(6), 2089–2103. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01826.x
Lam, C.B., McHale, S.M., y Crouter, A.C. (2014). Time With Peers From Middle Childhood to
Late Adolescence: Developmental Course and Adjustment Correlates. Child
Development, 85(4), 1677–1693. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12235
Moreno, L.A., Gottrand, F., Huybrechts, I., Ruiz, J.R., González-Gross, M., DeHenauw, S., y
HELENA Study Group. (2014). Nutrition and lifestyle in european adolescents: the
HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Advances in
Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 5(5), 615S–623S. Recuperado de:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25469407
Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., … Gakidou, E. (2014).
Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and
adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
2013. The Lancet, 384(9945), 766–781. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8
Olds, T., Maher, C., Zumin, S., Péneau, S., Lioret, S., Castetbon, K., … Summerbell. (2011).
Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine
countries. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 6(5–6), 342–360. doi:
10.3109/17477166.2011.605895
Pearson, N., Biddle, S.J., y Gorely, T. (2009). Family correlates of fruit and vegetable
consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Public Health Nutrition,
12(02), 267. doi: 10.1017/S1368980008002589
Pulgarón, E.R. (2013). Childhood Obesity: A Review of Increased Risk for Physical and
Psychological Comorbidities. Clinical Therapeutics, 35(1), A18–A32. doi:
10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.12.014
Rezali, F.W., Chin, Y.S., Mohd, Z., Mohd, B.N., Sanker, K., y Woon, F.C. (2015). Evaluation of
diet quality and its associated factors among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nutrition Research and Practice, 9(5), 511. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.511
Schwingshackl, L., Bogensberger, B., y Hoffmann, G. (2018). Diet Quality as Assessed by the
Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension Score, and Health Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis of Cohort Studies. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 118(1),
74–100.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.024
Serra, L., Aranceta, J., Ribas, L., Sangil, M., y Pérez, C. (2003). Crecimiento y desarrollo:
dimensión alimentaria y nutricional. El cribado del riesgo nutricional en pediatría.
Validación del test rápido Krece Plus y resultados en la población española. In L., Serra,
y J. Aranceta (Ed.), Crecimiento y desarrollo. Estudio enKid. Krece Plus, (pp. 45–55).
Barcelona: Masson.
Sotos-Prieto, M., Bhupathiraju, S.N., Mattei, J., Fung, T.T., Li, Y., Pan, A., … Hu, F.B. (2017).
Association of Changes in Diet Quality with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. New
England Journal of Medicine, 377(2), 143–153. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613502
Wabitsch, M., Moss, A., y Kromeyer-Hauschild, K. (2014). Unexpected plateauing of childhood
obesity rates in developed countries. BMC Medicine, 12(1), 17. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-
12-17
World Health Organization (2016). Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity.
Yee, A.Z.H., Lwin, M.O., y Ho, S.S. (2017). The influence of parental practices on child
promotive and preventive food consumption behaviors: a systematic review and metaanalysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 47.
doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0501-3
Zabinski, M.F., Daly, T., Norman, G.J., Rupp, J.W., Calfas, K.J., Sallis, J.F., y Patrick, K. (2006).
Psychosocial Correlates of Fruit, Vegetable, and Dietary Fat Intake among Adolescent
Boys and Girls. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 106(6), 814–821. doi:
10.1016/j.jada.2006.03.014