Association between Streptococcus mutans levels and severity of caries in Ecuadorian schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years.

Association between Streptococcus mutans levels and severity of caries in Ecuadorian schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years.

Main Article Content

Ivonne Ordóñez
Doris Calderón
José Aguilar
Mónica Tello
Deniss Calderón

Abstract

Dental caries is a multifactorial, infectious and communicable disease, and Streptococcus mutans is the key microorganism related to this pathology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the levels of Streptococcus mutans and caries in schoolchildren. Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on 100 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years from the Unidad Educativa Checa Cuenca, Ecuador. ICDAS index and odontogram were used to measure the prevalence and severity of caries. For the identification and quantification of Streptococcus mutans , dental plaque samples were used for cultivation and biochemical tests (MicroScan). The results were analyzed statistically using absolute and relative frequencies, for bivariate analysis Chi-squared test and Fisher’s Test ( p <0.05) were used. 96% of the schoolchildren presented dental caries, 69% of them were children aged 8 to 10 years, the prevalence of caries was higher in females reaching 57%. High (60,000UFC/ml) and very high (70,000UFC/ml) levels of Streptococcus mutans were found on schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years reaching 22% and 8%, respectively ( p =0.005). Regarding sex, high (60,000UFC/ml) as well as very low (0- 20,000UFC/ml) levels of Streptococcus mutans appeared without difference by sex ( p = 0.355). Schoolchildren without caries presented a low count of Streptococcus mutans (0 -20,000 UFC/ml), children with caries presented variable levels of Streptococcus mutans , although higher than 20,000UFC/ml ( p <0.001). Conclusion: there is a high prevalence of caries in the school population with high levels of Streptococcus mutans.

References

Aguilera LA, Sánchez CG, Neri CA, Aceves MC. Streptococcus mutans en saliva y su relación con la caries dental en una población infantil de Tacoaleche Guadalupe, Zacatecas. Rev ADM. 2009; 65(6):48-56.

Cerón-Bastidas XA. El sistema ICDAS como método complementario para el diagnóstico de caries dental. CES Odontol. 2015; 28(2):100-109.

Bou G, Fernández-Olmos A, García C, Sáez-Nieto JA, Valdezate S. Métodos de identificación bacteriana en el laboratorio de microbiología. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2011; 29(8):601-8.

Gamboa F. Identificación y caracterización microbiológica, fenotípica y genotípica del Streptococcus mutans: experiencias de investigación. Univ Odontol. 2014; 33(71):65-73.

Guerrero VM, Godinez AG, Melchor CG, Rodríguez ME, Luengas QE. Epidemiología de caries dental y factores de riesgo asociados a la dentición primaria en preescolares. Rev ADM. 2009; 65(3):10-20.

Graciano ME, Correa YA, Martínez CM, Burgos A, Ceballos JI, Sánchez LF. Streptococcus mutans y caries dental en América Latina. Revisión sistemática de la literatura. Rev Nac Odontol. 2014; 8(14): 65-75.

Ministerio de Salud Pública. Protocolos Odontológicos. Salud Bucal. Primera ed. Dirección Nacional de Normalización. Quito: MINSA; 2016.

Ojeda JC, Oviedo E, Salas LA. Streptococcus Mutans and dental caries. CES Odontol. 2013; 26(1): 44-55.

Peña E, Zavarce E. Prevalencia de caries dental utilizando el sistema internacional ICDAS en pacientes que acuden a consulta pediátrica en dos instituciones de la Ciudad de Valencia, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Acta Odontol Venez. 2016; 54(2).

Pérez JA, Duque J, Hidalgo I. Asociación del Estreptococos mutans y lactobacilos con la caries dental en niños. Rev Cubana Estomatol. 2007;44(4):1-13.

Ramón R, Castañeda M, Corona MH, Estrada GA, Quinzán AM. Factores de riesgo de caries dental en escolares de 5 a 11 años. MEDISAN. 2016; 20(5): 648-654.

Rivera AM, Artigas AA, Buitrago E, Viguera Y. Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de caries dental en pacientes del municipio Urbano Noris. ccm. 2017; 21(1):139-154.

Salazar LA, Vásquez C, Almuna A, Oporto G, Santana R, Herrera CL, Sanhueza A. Detección Molecular de Estreptococos Cariogénicos en Saliva. Int J Morphol. 2008; 26(4):951-958.

Sieber C. Recuento de Streptococcus mutans en muestras de biofilm sobre dientes restaurados con resina compuesta oclusal versus dientes sanos mediante el método de cubeta. [Thesis]. Chile: Universidad de Chile - Facultad de Odontología; 2012.

Velázquez C, Salinas I, Godoy P, Muñoz H, Barría RM. Recuento en saliva de Streptococcus mutans en niños de 6 a 12 años con y sin tinciones cromógenas. Av Odontoestomatol. 2017; 33(2):77-83.

Velazquez O, Podesta M. Adquisición temprana de Streptococcus mutans y caries dental. Rev Dent Tribune Hispanic Latin Am. 2009:1(1): 22-26.

World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods - 5th edition. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs318/es/.