Comprender cómo las prácticas de reclutamiento moldean el desempeño municipal: una perspectiva desde Sudáfrica
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El personal municipal se compara a menudo con el motor de un automóvil, que es esencial para su funcionamiento. Del mismo modo, un municipio depende de su personal para funcionar eficazmente y prestar servicios con eficiencia. Esta analogía indica la importancia crítica de contratar al personal adecuado, ya que el personal municipal desempeña un papel fundamental para garantizar la prestación eficiente y eficaz de servicios en Sudáfrica. Estudios previos han demostrado que muchas municipalidades del país sufren de prácticas irregulares de reclutamiento. Esto ha llevado al nombramiento de personas que pueden no tener las cualificaciones, habilidades y experiencia necesarias para desempeñar su papel con eficacia. Sin embargo, no se ha abordado suficientemente la forma en que esto afecta al rendimiento municipal. La novedad de este estudio radica en su exploración cualitativa enfocada de los efectos directos y sistémicos de las prácticas irregulares de reclutamiento sobre el desempeño municipal, área que ha recibido poca atención en la literatura existente. Para abordar esta carencia, el documento empleó un enfoque cualitativo y utilizó fuentes de datos secundarios. El documento encontró que la contratación irregular en las municipalidades sudafricanas conduce a una alta rotación del personal, baja moral, mala prestación de servicios y disminución de la confianza pública. El bajo rendimiento se debe a que las personas no cualificadas desempeñan sus funciones de manera ineficaz. La teoría del ajuste persona-medio ambiente (PEFT) apoya estos hallazgos, indicando el papel crítico de alinear las habilidades y los valores individuales con el entorno laboral. La contratación influida políticamente o no basada en el mérito desequilibra las aptitudes con las necesidades de la organización, lo que perjudica el rendimiento. El documento aboga por la contratación basada en el mérito, alineándose con el objetivo del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de una función pública profesional. Para abordar estas cuestiones, el documento recomienda que los municipios adopten prácticas de contratación basadas en el mérito, reduzcan la participación política y mejoren la capacitación de recursos humanos y las tecnologías de contratación. Estas medidas mejorarán el rendimiento, la estabilidad y la gobernanza municipal.
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