Factores asociados al intento de suicidio en atención de servicio de urgencias hospitalario
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo: En este estudio se determinaron las asociaciones entre los principales factores de riesgo con el intento de suicidio, en sujetos que recibieron su primera atención en el servicio de urgencia hospitalario. Material y método: Este fue un estudio descriptivo, en una muestra de 797 casos atendidos en servicio de urgencias, a través de informe de autolesiones, para los años 2017-2018, se determinó la asociación entre el sexo, el tipo de método y los diagnósticos psiquiátricos con el intento de suicidio. Para las asociaciones se utilizó la prueba de Chi-Cuadrado y odds ratio [OR] para el análisis del riesgo, para la comparación de los casos por año se utilizó la prueba T de student. Resultados: Nuestros resultados mostraron la existencia de una asociación entre el intento de suicidio, sexo, grupo etario, tipo de método, diagnóstico psiquiátrico y fármaco. El riesgo al intento de suicidio aumentó en la variable depresión (OR =1,4; p<0,05), con mayor riesgo del sexo femenino (OR=1,8; p<0,05). Con respecto a la diferencia por año el intento de suicidio aumento en un 19,4 % (p = 0,000; IC95 %) del año 2017 al 2018. Conclusión: El intento de suicidio tiene una asociación significativa con el sexo femenino y con la presencia de depresión, además de ser estas últimas las que generan un mayor riesgo para el intento de suicidio
Descargas
Citas
Assarsson, R., Petersen, S., Högberg, B., Strandh, M., & Johansson, K. (2018). Gender inequality and adolescent suicide ideation across Africa, Asia, the South Pacific and Latin America–a cross-sectional study based on the Global School Health Survey (GSHS). Global Health Action, 11(3), 1663619. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1663619
David Klonsky, E., Qiu, T., & Saffer, B. Y. (2017). Recent advances in differentiating suicide attempters from suicide ideators. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 30(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000294
Departamento de Estadisticas e Información de Salud, M. de C. (2011). Mortalidad por algunas causas 2000 a 2011 de Chile. https://deis.minsal.cl/
Ernst, M., Kallenbach-Kaminski, L., Kaufhold, J., Negele, A., Bahrke, U., Hautzinger, M., Beutel, M. E., & Leuzinger-Bohleber, M. (2019). Suicide attempts in chronically depressed individuals: What are the risk factors? Psychiatry Research, 112481. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2019.112481
Fleischmann, A. (2016). Section I epidemiology: suicide in the world (D. Wasserman, Ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198717393.001.0001
Fossi, L. D., Debien, C., Demarty, A.-L., Vaiva, G., & Messiah, A. (2021). Suicide reattempt in a population-wide brief contact intervention to prevent suicide attempts: The VigilanS program, France. European Psychiatry, 64(1). https://doi.org/10.1192/J.EURPSY.2021.2221
Golay, P., Ostertag, L., Costanza, A., van der Vaeren, B., Dorogi, Y., Saillant, S., & Michaud, L. (2021). Patients with first versus multiple episodes of self-harm: how do their profiles differ? Annals of General Psychiatry, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12991-021-00351-5/TABLES/2
Goñi-Sarriés, A., Blanco, M., Azcárate, L., Peinado, R., & López-Goñi, J. J. (2018). Are previous suicide attempts a risk factor for completed suicide? Psicothema, 30(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.7334/PSICOTHEMA2016.318
Guzmán, E. M., Cha, C. B., Ribeiro, J. D., & Franklin, J. C. (2019). Suicide risk around the world: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. In Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 54(12), 1459–1470). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01759-x
King, T. L., Shields, M., Sojo, V., Daraganova, G., Currier, D., O’Neil, A., King, K., & Milner, A. (2020). Expressions of masculinity and associations with suicidal ideation among young males. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 228. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2475-y
Liu, Y., & Zhang, J. (2018). The Impact of Negative Life Events on Attempted Suicide in Rural China. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206(3), 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000727
Lopez-Morinigo, J. D., Boldrini, M., Ricca, V., Oquendo, M. A., & Baca-García, E. (2021). Aggression, Impulsivity and Suicidal Behavior in Depressive Disorders: A Comparison Study between New York City (US), Madrid (Spain) and Florence (Italy). Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, Vol. 10, Page 3057, 10(14), 3057. https://doi.org/10.3390/JCM10143057
Ludwig, B., & Dwivedi, Y. (2018). The concept of violent suicide, its underlying trait and neurobiology: A critical perspective. In European Neuropsychopharmacology, 28(2), 243–251). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.001
Lunde, I., Reigstad, M. M., Moe, K. F., & Grimholt, T. K. (2018). Systematic literature review of attempted suicide and offspring. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), p. 937). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050937
Mejías-Martín, Y., del Castillo, J. de D. L., Rodríguez-Mejías, C., Martí-García, C., Valencia-Quintero, J. P., & García-Caro, M. P. (2019). Factors associated with suicide attempts and suicides in the general population of andalusia (Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224496
Ministerio de Salud Gobierno de Chile (MINSAL). (2011). Estrategia Nacional de Salud para el cumplimiento de los objetivos sanitarios de la década 2011-2020. In Ministerio de Salud. http://www.bibliotecaminsal.cl/estrategia-nacional-de-salud-metas-2011-2020/
Monnin, J., Thiemard, E., Vandel, P., Nicolier, M., Tio, G., Courtet, P., Bellivier, F., Sechter, D., & Haffen, E. (2012). Sociodemographic and psychopathological risk factors in repeated suicide attempts: Gender differences in a prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(1–2), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.001
Morin, R. T., Li, Y., Mackin, R. S., Whooley, M. A., Conwell, Y., & Byers, A. L. (2019). Comorbidity Profiles Identified in Older Primary Care Patients Who Attempt Suicide. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, jgs.16126. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16126
Nestor, B. A., & Sutherland, S. (2021). Theory of Mind and Suicidality: A Meta-Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2021.1939209
Niederkrotenthaler, T., Tinghog, P., Alexanderson, K., Dahlin, M., Wang, M., Beckman, K., Gould, M., & Mittendorfer-Rutz, E. (2014). Future risk of labour market marginalization in young suicide attempters--a population-based prospective cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(5), 1520–1530. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu155
Özlü-Erkilic, Z., Diehm, R., Wenzel, T., Bingöl Ҫağlayan, R. H., Güneş, H., Üneri, Ö. Ş., Winter, S., & Akkaya-Kalayci, T. (2021). Transcultural differences in suicide attempts among children and adolescents with and without migration background, a multicentre study: in Vienna, Berlin, Istanbul. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00787-021-01805-7/FIGURES/2
Papadopoulou, A., Efstathiou, V., Christodoulou, C., Gournellis, R., Papageorgiou, C., Douzenis, A., & Markianos, M. (2020). Psychiatric diagnosis, gender, aggression, and mode of attempt in patients with single versus repeated suicide attempts. Psychiatry Research, 284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112747
Pirkis, J., Spittal, M. J., Keogh, L., Mousaferiadis, T., & Currier, D. (2017). Masculinity and suicidal thinking. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(3), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1324-2
Plans, L., Barrot, C., Nieto, E., Rios, J., Schulze, T. G., Papiol, S., Mitjans, M., Vieta, E., & Benabarre, A. (2019). Association between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 242, 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAD.2018.08.054
Rappaport, L. M., Flint, J., & Kendler, K. S. (2017). Clarifying the role of neuroticism in suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among women with major depressive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 47(13), 2334–2344. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171700085X
Saab, M. M., Murphy, M., Meehan, E., Dillon, C. B., O’Connell, S., Hegarty, J., Heffernan, S., Greaney, S., Kilty, C., Goodwin, J., Hartigan, I., O’Brien, M., Chambers, D., Twomey, U., & O’Donovan, A. (2021). Suicide and Self-Harm Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review of Prospective Research. Archives of Suicide Research. 1,1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2021.1938321
Wang, M., Helgesson, M., Rahman, S., Niederkrotenthaler, T., & Mittendorfer-Rutz, E. (2017). Trajectories and characteristics of functional impairment before and after suicide attempt in young adults - a nationwide register-based cohort study. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 393. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1567-9
World Health Organization (WHO). (2014a). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. World Health Organization, 92. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/131056
World Health Organization (WHO). (2014b). World health statistics 2014. In WHO. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/mortdata/
World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Suicide worldwide in 2019: global health estimates (W. H. O. (WHO), Ed.). 2019. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240026643
Zygo, M., Pawłowska, B., Potembska, E., Dreher, P., & Kapka-Skrzypczak, L. (2019). Prevalence and selected risk factors of suicidal ideation, suicidal tendencies and suicide attempts in young people aged 13–19 years. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 26(2), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/93817