Moléculas orgánicas en el medio interestelar, desde la astronomía a la bioquímica
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Resumen
A la fecha se han descubierto cerca de 250 moléculas en el medio interestelar o en las regiones circunestelares, siendo muchas de estas moléculas orgánicas complejas (COMs). La región donde se han descubierto gran parte de estas moléculas es la nube molecular de Sagitario B2 (Sgr B2), región más rica en moléculas de la Vía Láctea. Se han detectado moléculas de diferentes tipos como iones moleculares, radicales, moléculas en anillo y moléculas estables. Algunas de estas se forman por química en fase gaseosa y otras en la superficie de los granos de polvo interestelar. La detección de estas moléculas se ha logrado por medio de radiotelescopios en longitudes de onda milimétrica y submilimétrica. Se han detectado varias moléculas de interés biológico como precursores de azúcares, nucleobases, aminoácidos, fosfolípidos y hasta una molécula quiral. El descubrimiento de moléculas orgánicas complejas en el espacio no sólo contribuye a entender la composición y evolución química del universo, sino que apoya la hipótesis de la “entrega exógena” en el origen de la vida.
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