Investigación cualitativa longitudinal con niños, niñas y adolescentes: análisis de trayectorias de compromiso escolar y factores contextuales en Post-pandemia
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Resumen
El brote mundial de la pandemia de COVID-19 transformó radicalmente el panorama educativo, afectando a millones de estudiantes a nivel global. Esta situación excepcional planteó desafíos sustantivos en torno al compromiso escolar, una variable clave vinculada con la finalización de etapas educativas y trayectorias académicas positivas. Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de un estudio cualitativo longitudinal realizado en Chile, centrado en los significados del compromiso escolar y los factores contextuales desde un enfoque de investigación participativa que valora el derecho de niños, niñas y adolescentes a participar en la producción de conocimiento. Los resultados evidencian avances en el compromiso cognitivo, expresados en un mayor interés académico y desarrollo de hábitos de estudio entre los estudiantes postpandemia. En contraste, el compromiso afectivo requiere de entornos escolares más estimulantes que contrarresten la baja motivación. Asimismo, el compromiso conductual mostró un deterioro, reflejado en el aumento del ausentismo, lo cual indica que la pandemia ha tenido impactos significativos en la motivación del estudiantado de nivel secundario.
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