Impacto Psicológico del Trauma de Guerra en Niños en Edad Escolar: Diseño y Validación de una Herramienta Psicodiagnóstica para la Terapia Hibuki
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Resumen
Este artículo presenta un estudio empírico integral enfocado en la modificación de herramientas psicodiagnósticas, específicamente del cuestionario de Shai Hen-Gal, para evaluar el impacto psicológico del trauma en niños de primaria expuestos a condiciones de guerra. La investigación incluye un análisis metateórico sobre la eficacia de la Terapia Hibuki, un método terapéutico innovador que utiliza un muñeco de peluche como herramienta emocional para apoyar la expresión afectiva y la resiliencia en niños traumatizados. Mediante un diseño de investigación empírica en múltiples etapas, el estudio desarrolló y validó un instrumento psicodiagnóstico especializado, adaptado al marco metodológico de la Terapia Hibuki, para diagnosticar las reacciones de estrés infantil ante la guerra y otros eventos traumáticos. El análisis factorial permitió identificar seis dimensiones centrales del impacto del trauma: Ansiedad y Tensión, Agresión y Manifestaciones Conductuales, Recuerdos del Evento Traumático, Impacto de los Eventos Vitales, Soledad y Bienestar Físico. Los resultados destacan los efectos complejos del trauma infantil, y subrayan la necesidad urgente de intervenciones psicológicas que aborden tanto los síntomas emocionales como somáticos. La alta fiabilidad y consistencia interna del cuestionario validado respalda su uso como herramienta diagnóstica efectiva en contextos terapéuticos. Además, el estudio confirma el potencial de la Terapia Hibuki como intervención basada en evidencia, centrada en el niño, para apoyar la recuperación emocional. Esta investigación aporta un valor significativo al campo en expansión de la terapia del trauma en niños, ofreciendo evidencia para integrar enfoques psicodiagnósticos y terapias innovadoras como la Terapia Hibuki en programas integrales de atención y recuperación del trauma infantil.
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