Análisis del efecto san Mateo en un estudio longitudinal sobre el desarrollo lector durante la educación primaria (1.° a 5.°)

Análisis del efecto san Mateo en un estudio longitudinal sobre el desarrollo lector durante la educación primaria (1.° a 5.°)

Contenido principal del artículo

Manuel Aguilar Villagrán
Estíbaliz Aragón Mendizabal
José I. Navarro Guzmán
Cándida Delgado Casas
Esperanza Marchena Consejero

Resumen

El efecto san Mateo en lectura se refiere al fenómeno contrastado de cómo las diferencias en el rendimiento entre buenos y malos lectores pueden incrementarse a lo largo del tiempo de escolarización. Presentamos un estudio longitudinal acerca de la presencia/ausencia del efecto san Mateo en una muestra de estudiantes evaluados desde 1.° a 5.° de educación primaria. Cincuenta y un estudiantes que comenzaron en 2011 la educación primaria fueron evaluados en pruebas de lectura (TECLE, PROLEC-R, ACL y BEL) en 5 ocasiones (cada mes de junio entre los años 2011 y 2015). Se seleccionó a un grupo de niños (n = 13) considerado en riesgo (usando el criterio del centil por debajo de 25 en la prueba TECLE aplicada al finalizar 1.° de educación primaria) y comparamos, durante 5 cursos evaluados, el desarrollo de la lectura de este grupo de riesgo con un grupo de lectores medios (n = 26) y de lectores de nivel alto (n = 12) en la misma muestra de participantes. Los resultados, al realizar un seguimiento del perfil lector del alumnado en riesgo, permiten valorar los cambios y mejoras producidos en este alumnado entre las distintas evaluaciones a lo largo de los años de duración del estudio. Los resultados globales muestran diferencias entre los grupos evaluados pero no un aumento de estas entre los lectores en riesgo y los demás grupos. Asimismo, el seguimiento individual del alumnado en riesgo constata que alguno de ellos mejora en los parámetros de lectura por encima de la media general. Se discuten algunas implicaciones educativas del estudio.

Citas

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