Diferencias en ansiedad ante los exámenes en función de los niveles de autoestima en estudiantes de Educación Primaria
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Resumen
Si bien la ansiedad ante los exámenes ha estado tradicionalmente presente en etapas académicas medias y superiores, se ha constatado un significativo incremento de este fenómeno en la población de estudiantes de Educación Primaria. Las importantes repercusiones físicas, psicológicas y académicas que puede conllevar la ansiedad ante los exámenes en la población escolar han suscitado un creciente interés por identificar los factores personales que podrían reducir la probabilidad de aparición de estos estados patológicos. En esta línea, en el presente estudio se analizó la existencia de diferencias significativas en el grado de ansiedad ante los exámenes experimentada por el estudiantado en función de su nivel de autoestima. Participaron en la investigación 326 estudiantes de cuarto, quinto y sexto curso de Educación Primaria. Los niveles de autoestima se determinaron con base en los percentiles 33 y 66. Las diferencias en ansiedad ante los exámenes se estimaron mediante un ANOVA. Se encontraron niveles significativamente más bajos de ansiedad ante los exámenes cuanto mayor es la autoestima del estudiantado, y viceversa. Las diferencias entre los tres grupos de autoestima fueron estadísticamente significativas. Estos hallazgos parecen apuntar a que la alta autoestima puede constituir un recurso psicológico de protección frente a la ansiedad ante los exámenes en la etapa de Educación Primaria.
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