Lavados nasales en rinosinusitis crónica, artículo de revisión
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Resumen
La rinosinusitis crónica (RSC) es una condición crónica de inflamación en la mucosa de los senos paranasales que se asocia con una calidad de vida significativamente deteriorada, lo cual motiva el estudio constante de las terapias para su control y reducción de costos. La vanguardia del manejo clínico para la RSC es la terapia tópica. Las ventajas de la terapia médica tópica incluyen la administración directa del fármaco en el tejido enfermo, la posibilidad de administrar concentraciones locales más altas del fármaco y minimizar la absorción sistémica la cual no está excenta de efectos adversos, convirtiendose asi en una estrategia importante en el manejo de RSC. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es una revisión formal e identificar estrategias de terapia médica tópica y promover un enfoque basado en la evidencia para su uso. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica basada en búsqueda de palabras claves. Se accedió a las bases de datos informáticas de PubMed, ElSevier y ResearchGate. Se incluyeron artículos en lo que destacan los resultados del uso de terapias tópicas en RSC y que el tipo de estudio sean ensayos clinicos. Esta revisión identificó y evaluó la literatura sobre estrategias de terapia tópica para RSC: irrigación con solución salina, antibióticos tópicos, esteroides tópicos y antimicóticos tópicos. La terapia tópica se ha convertido en una herramienta importante en el arsenal de tratamiento para la RSC. Sobre la base de una revisión de la literatura, la irrigación nasal con solución salina y los aerosoles de esteroides tópicos son los que más evidencia respaldan. Las terapias con esteroides nasosinusales tópicos no estándar pueden ser una opción para controlar la RSC.
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