Estado periodontal del segundo molar adyacente al tercer molar mandibular

Estado periodontal del segundo molar adyacente al tercer molar mandibular

Contenido principal del artículo

Katherine Daniela Luzuriaga Chávez
Santiago Andrés López Jurado

Resumen

Los terceros molares tienen un patrón de erupción inusual. Estudios sugirieron que, debido a la posición y angulación de, se pueden presentar diversas patologías en los molares adyacentes, tales como problemas periodontales y aparición de caries distales. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el estado periodontal de los segundos molares mandibulares adyacentes a terceros molares mandibulares. Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se trabajó con una muestra de 277 pacientes que acudieron a la clínica odontológica de la UCSG para realizar extracciones de terceros molares en el período A-2018. Se realizó un examen clínico intraoral en donde se observaron las siguientes variables: profundidad de sondaje, estado gingival y presencia de caries en segundos molares mandibulares. Además, se revisó las radiografías panorámicas de los pacientes para determinar la posición del tercer molar mandibular y el nivel de la cresta ósea distal de los segundos molares. Los resultados mostraron que la profundidad del sondaje por distal de los segundos molares mandibulares revisados ​​fue normal (de 1 a 3mm) en el 31% de los casos, en tanto que en el 69% se encontraron profundidades mayores a 3mm. Con respecto a la presencia de pérdida ósea en estas piezas, en el 43% de los casos no hubo pérdida, en el 35% de los casos hubo pérdida leve, el 22% presentó pérdida moderada y solo un 1% tuvo pérdida severa. La presencia de terceros molares mandibulares afecta de forma significativa el estado periodontal del segundo molar adyacente, pudiendo generar bolsas periodontales, pérdidas óseas y caries en la zona distal de estos.

Citas

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