Academic Performance in spanish undergraduates: the role of personality and academic procrastination
Main Article Content
Abstract
Academic procrastination is a common behavior in higher education with a range of negative outcomes.This study examined the relationships among the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience), academic procrastination and academic performance. Participants were 195 spanish undergraduates (77.4% female and 22.6% male), ranging in age from 18 to 51 years (M = 21.39; DT = 4.58). Ten Item Personality Inventory was used to measure Big Five personality traits and Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form was use to measure academic procrastinación. Correlation analysis showed that academic performance was positively related to conscientiousness while being negatively related to academic procrastination. Using hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for age and gender, it was found that the Big Five and academic procrastinación predicted part of the variance in academic performance. This study contributes to the body of literature that has examined the relationship between The Big Five personality traits, academic procrastination and academic performance.
References
Alexander, E. S., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2007). Academic procrastination and the role of hope as a coping strategy. Personality and individual differences, 42(7), 1301-1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.008
Aspée, J., González, J., & Herrera, Y. (2021). Relación funcional entre procrastinación académica y compromiso en estudiantes de educación superior: una propuesta de análisis. Perspectiva Educacional, 60(1), 4-22. https://doi.org/10.4151/07189729-Vol.60-Iss.1-Art.1116
Balkis, M., & Duru, E. (2017). Gender differences in the relationship between academic procrastination, satifaction with academic life and academic performance. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 15(1), 105-125. https://doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.41.16042
Balkis, M., Duru, E., & Bulus, M. (2013). Analysis of the relation between academic procrastination, academic rational/irrational beliefs, time preferences to study for exams, and academic achievement: a structural model. European journal of psychology of education, 28(3), 825-839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0142-5
Bäulke, L., Eckerlein, N., & Dresel, M. (2018). Interrelations between motivational regulation, procrastination and college dropout intentions. Unterrichtswissenschaft, 46(4), 461-479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42010-018-0029-5
Brando-Garrido, C., Montes-Hidalgo, J., Limonero, J. T., Gómez-Romero, M. J., & Tomás-Sábado, J. (2020). Procrastinación académica en estudiantes de enfermería. Adaptación española de la Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF). Enfermería Clínica, 30(6), 371-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.02.018
Busato, V. V., Prins, F. J., Elshout, J. J., & Hamaker, C. (2000). Intellectual ability, learning style, personality, achievement motivation and academic success of psychology students in higher education. Personality and Individual differences, 29(6), 1057-1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00253-6
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2003a). Personality predicts academic performance: Evidence from two longitudinal university samples. Journal of research in personality, 37(4), 319-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00578-0
Chamorro‐Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2003b). Personality traits and academic examination performance. European journal of Personality, 17(3), 237-250. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.473
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2005). Personality and intellectual competence. London: Lawrence Erlbaum
Chun Chu, A. H., & Choi, J. N. (2005). Rethinking procrastination: Positive effects of" active" procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. The Journal of social psychology, 145(3), 245-264. https://doi.org/10.3200/socp.145.3.245-264
Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
Duff, A., Boyle, E., Dunleavy, K., & Ferguson, J. (2004). The relationship between personality, approach to learning and academic performance. Personality and individual differences, 36(8), 1907-1920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.08.020
Ferrando, P. J., Masip-Cabrera, A., Navarro-González, D., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2017). The Psychometric Toolbox: an Excel package for use in measurement and psychometrics courses. Psicológica, 38(2), 395-398.
Goroshit, M. (2018). Academic procrastination and academic performance: An initial basis for intervention. Journal of prevention & intervention in the community, 46(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2016.1198157
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in personality, 37(6), 504-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00046-1
Grunschel, C., Schwinger, M., Steinmayr, R., & Fries, S. (2016). Effects of using motivational regulation strategies on students' academic procrastination, academic performance, and well-being. Learning and Individual Differences, 49, 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2016.06.008
Gustavson, D. E., & Miyake, A. (2017). Academic procrastination and goal accomplishment: A combined experimental and individual differences investigation. Learning and individual differences, 54, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.01.010
Haghbin, M., McCaffrey, A., & Pychyl, T. A. (2012). The complexity of the relation between fear of failure and procrastination. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 249-263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-012-0153-9
Hajloo, N. (2014). Relationships between self-efficacy, self-esteem and procrastination in undergraduate psychology students. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 8(3), 42.
Howell, A. J., & Watson, D. C. (2007). Procrastination: Associations with achievement goal orientation and learning strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(1), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.017
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 102–138). New York: Guilford Press.
Kim, S., Fernandez, S., & Terrier, L. (2017). Procrastination, personality traits, and academic performance: When active and passive procrastination tell a different story. Personality and Individual differences, 108, 154-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.021
Kim, K. R., & Seo, E. H. (2015). The relationship between procrastination and academic performance: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 82, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.038
Kınık, Ö., & Odacı, H. (2020). Effects of dysfunctional attitudes and depression on academic procrastination: does self-esteem have a mediating role? British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 48(5), 638-649. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2020.1780564
Klingsieck, K. B., Grund, A., Schmid, S., & Fries, S. (2013). Why students procrastinate: A qualitative approach. Journal of College Student Development, 54(4), 397–412. https://doi.org/ 10.1353 / csd.2013.0060
Komarraju, M., Karau, S. J., Schmeck, R. R., & Avdic, A. (2011). The Big Five personality traits, learning styles, and academic achievement. Personality and individual differences, 51(4), 472-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.019
Krispenz, A., Gort, C., Schültke, L., & Dickhäuser, O. (2019). How to reduce test anxiety and academic procrastination through inquiry of cognitive appraisals: A pilot study investigating the role of academic self-efficacy. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1917. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01917
McAdams, D. P., & Olson, B. D. (2010). Personality development: Continuity and change over the life course. Annual review of psychology, 61, 517-542. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100507
McCloskey, J. D. (2011). Finally, my thesis on academic procrastination [Master’s thesis, The University of Texas at Arlington]. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/9538
Oshio, A. (2018). Who Shake Their Legs and Bite Their Nails? Self-Reported Repetitive Behaviors and Big Five Personality Traits. Psychological Studies, 63(4), 384–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-018-0462-x
Oshio, A., Shingo, A. B. E., & Cutrone, P. (2012). Development, reliability, and validity of the japanese version of ten item personality inventory (TIPI-J). Japanese Journal of Personality, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.2132/personality.21.40
Oshio, A., Abe, S., Cutrone, P., & Gosling, S. D. (2013). Big Five content representation of the Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Psychology, 4, 924–929. http://hdl.handle.net/10069/34002
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Romero, E., Villar, P., Gómez-Fraguela, J. A., & Lopez-Romero, L. (2012). Measuring personality traits with ultra-short scales: A study of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) in a Spanish sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(3), 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.035
Sirois, F., & Pychyl, T. (2013). Procrastination and the priority of short‐term mood regulation: Consequences for future self. Social and personality psychology compass, 7(2), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12011
Sommer, L., & Haug, M. (2012). What Influences Implementation Intentions in an Academic Learning Context--The Roles of Goal Intentions, Procrastination, and Experience. International Journal of Higher Education, 1(1), 32-61. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v1n1p32
Sorić, I., Penezić, Z., & Burić, I. (2017). The Big Five personality traits, goal orientations, and academic achievement. Learning and individual differences, 54, 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.01.024
Spada, M. M., Hiou, K., & Nikcevic, A. V. (2006). Metacognitions, Emotions, and Procrastination. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 20(3), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.1891/jcop.20.3.319
Stajkovic, A. D., Bandura, A., Locke, E. A., Lee, D., & Sergent, K. (2018). Test of three conceptual models of influence of the big five personality traits and self-efficacy on academic performance: A meta-analytic path-analysis. Personality and individual differences, 120, 238-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.014
Steel, P. (2011). The procrastination equation: How to stop putting things off and start getting stuff done. Toronto: Pearson Education Limited.
Skowronski, M., & Mirowska, A. (2013). A manager’s guide to workplace procrastination. SAM Advanced Management Journal,78(3), 4–9.
Uzun, B., LeBlanc, S., & Ferrari, J. R. (2020). Relationship between Academic Procrastination and Self-Control: The Mediational Role of Self-Esteem. College Student Journal, 54(3), 309-316.
van Eerde, W. (2004). Procrastination in academic settings and the Big Five Model of personality: a meta-analysis. In H. C. Schouwenburg, T. A. Pychyl, C. H. Lay, & J. R. Ferrari (Eds.), Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings (pp. 29-40). Washington: APA Books
van Eerde, W., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2018). Overcoming procrastination? A meta-analysis of intervention studies. Educational Research Review, 25, 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.09.002
Vedel, A. (2014). The Big Five and tertiary academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 71, 66-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.011
Wagerman, S. A., & Funder, D. C. (2007). Acquaintance reports of personality and academic achievement: A case for conscientiousness. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.001
Westgate, E. C., Wormington, S. V., Oleson, K. C., & Lindgren, K. P. (2017). Productive procrastination: academic procrastination style predicts academic and alcohol outcomes. Journal of applied social psychology, 47(3), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12417
Zhang, Y., Dong, S., Fang, W., Chai, X., Mei, J., & Fan, X. (2018). Self-efficacy for self-regulation and fear of failure as mediators between self-esteem and academic procrastination among undergraduates in health professions. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 23(4), 817-830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-018-9832-3