Un estudio cualitativo de la ansiedad social y el deterioro durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes en Portugal y EE. UU.
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Abstract
Esta investigación cualitativa exploró las experiencias sociales y académicas de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes con ansiedad social en Portugal y Estados Unidos mientras vivían las restricciones impuestas por la pandemia COVID-19. Los participantes fueron 10 adolescentes portugueses (media de edad = 16,9 años; 50% mujeres) y 7 adultos jóvenes en los Estados Unidos (media de edad = 19,67 años; 71% mujeres; racialmente/étnicamente diversas). Los participantes completaron una entrevista semiestructurada en la que evaluaron cómo la pandemia y las restricciones sociales impactaron los síntomas de ansiedad social y el deterioro funcional asociado en los ámbitos social y académico. Se utilizó el análisis temático para clasificar las respuestas en las distintas etapas de desarrollo y países. Los hallazgos muestran patrones consistentes entre culturas, con síntomas de TAE extendiéndose a contextos virtuales. Los participantes reportaron comportamientos de evitación que fueron reforzados por mandatos de distanciamiento social y disminuciones en el compromiso académico durante el aprendizaje remoto. La ansiedad anticipatoria sobre el retorno a las rutinas sociales normales también fue evidente. Las escuelas deben ser conscientes del impacto del confinamiento social en los estudiantes socialmente ansiosos a medida que regresan a los horarios escolares en persona y las demandas sociales.
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