Explicaciones de los docentes sobre la violencia entre adolescentes y padres en relación con el sexismo y la creencia en la Mundo Justo
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Abstract
Introducción: La violencia filio-parental (VFP) es un problema social con graves repercusiones tanto familiares como sociales. La investigación sobre el tema existente hasta el momento se ha centrado principalmente en los padres y en los hijos, ignorando el papel socializador que desempeña el profesorado en el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes. El objetivo del estudio es analizar las explicaciones que dan los docentes de diferentes niveles de enseñanza sobre la VFP y su relación con las actitudes sexistas y la creencia en el mundo justo. Método: Participaron en este estudio 127 docentes de Educación Infantil, Primaria y Secundaria, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 61 años, mujeres en el 77.8% de los casos. Contestaron a un cuestionario en el que se incluyeron las versiones españolas de la Escala de Marlowe y Crowne (1960), de la Escala de Sexismo Ambivalente de Glick y Fiske (1996), y de la Escala de Creencia en el Mundo Justo de Lipkus (1991), así como la Escala de Explicaciones Causales de la VFP de Cortina y Martín (2021). Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos indican que, independientemente de la edad, del nivel de enseñanza y del género, los participantes consideraron la reacción emocional por parte del hijo o hija como la principal causa de la VFP, seguida de una parentalidad inadecuada, una conducta defensiva por parte del hijo o hija, un entorno inadecuado, ser un adolescente y, por último, aludiendo a rasgos de maldad o locura en quien ejerce la violencia. De acuerdo con lo esperado, hubo diferencias en las explicaciones preferidas por el profesorado que puntó alto en las dos formas de sexismo y en la creencia en el mundo justo, en relación con las prefereidas por el profesorado que puntuó bajo.Discusión y conclusiones: Estos resultados se discuten en el contexto de la cultura de la culpabilización de los padres y del papel del profesorado como enlace entre las familias y los profesionales de la intervención familiar en los casos de VFP.
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