Efectos de la separación parental en el ajuste individual de los hijos

Efectos de la separación parental en el ajuste individual de los hijos

Main Article Content

Francisca Fariña
Mercedes Novo
Barbara Castro
Dolores Seijo

Abstract

Antecedentes/Objetivo: En la Unión Europea se estima que se producen al año unas 800,000 separaciones que implican aproximadamente 500,000 menores. La literatura ha encontrado que la separación de los progenitores acarrea problemas para los hijos en el rendimiento académico, conducta, competencia social, ajuste psicológico, autoestima, pero se desconocen los efectos en el ajuste familiar. Por ello, diseñamos un estudio de campo para conocer los efectos de la separación parental en el ajuste familiar de los hijos. Método: 393 children and adolescents, 125 de padres separados en proceso no-contencioso, 122 de padres separados en procesos contencioso y146 de familias convivientes, respondieron a una medida del ajuste familiar. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que los hijos de familias en separación contenciosa informaban de una mayor inadaptación personal que los de familias convivientes, un incremento cifrado en el 15.8%. Además, los hijos de parejas en separación contenciosa y no contenciosa advirtieron de una mayor inadaptación familiar que los de familias convivientes, un aumento cuantificado en el 55.9% y el 45.1%, respectivamente. A su vez, los hijos de familias en proceso de separación contenciosa manifestaron una mayor inadaptación familiar que los de familias en separación no contenciosa, ascenso estimado en el 16.3%. Conclusiones: Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para las buenas prácticas profesionales, prevención e intervención.

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