Neuropsychological dimensions in patients with eating disorders
Neuropsychological dimensions in patients with eating disorders
Main Article Content
Abstract
Some neuropsychological dimensions may be deteriorated in patients with Eating Disorders (ED). Our objective was to analyse these dimensions in patients with ED: attention and vigilance, speed of information processing, executive function and working memory. 63 patients were collected. The percentages of patients by subtypes of ED were: 33% bulimia nervosa (BN) binge eating/purging, 24% anorexia nervosa (AN) binge eating/purging, 13% incomplete AN restricting, 19% AN restricting, 11% binge eating disorder, 5% incomplete AN binge eating/purging, 5% incomplete BN binge eating/purging, 2% BN non- binge eating/purging and 2% binging. The following tests were administrated: Stroop, Letter Number Sequencing (LNS), Symbol Digit Modalities (SDMT) and The Rey complex figure test (RCFT). Average score in LNS was 18.03, SpanLN 4.87; the average interference was 4.4; average SDMT (related to reference population) was low-normal; average time to copy RCFT was 2.81, quantitative centile in memory 45. It seems to be similar distribution of scores between different Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders subtypes of ED. SDMT score, interference and quantitative score of memory in ROCF were worse than reference population.
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Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124(2), 120-140.
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mentales. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Castillo, M., y Weiselberg, E. (2017). Bulimia nervosa/purging disorder. Current Problems in
Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 47, 85-94.
Darcy, A.M., Fitzpatrick, K.K., Manasse, S.M., Datta, N., Klabunde, M., Colborn, D., … Lock, J.
(2015). Central coherence in adolescents with bulimia nervosa spectrum eating disorders.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(5), 487-493.
Galimberti, E., Fadda, E., Cavallini, M.C., Martoni, R.M., Erzegovesi, S., y Bellodi, L. (2013).
Executive functioning in anorexia nervosa patients and their unaffected relatives.
Psychiatry Research, 208, 238-244.
Golden, C.J. (1993). Stroop. Test de colores y palabras. Madrid: Ediciones TEA.
Hirst, R.B., Beard, C.L., Colby, K.A., Quittner, Z., Mills, B.M., y Lavender, J.M. (2017). Anorexia
nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A meta-analysis of executive functioning. Neuroscience and
Biobehavioral Reviews, 83, 678-690.
Mackenzie, S. (1888). On a case of anorexia nervosa vel hysterica. The Lancet, 131(3370), 613-614.
Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social (2018). La actividad física, la condición física
y la salud infantojuvenil. Recuperado de: http://www.msssi.gob.es/ciudadanos/
proteccionSalud/adultos/actiFisica/ docs/capitulo2_Es.pdf.
Moskowitz, L., y Weiselberg, E. (2017). Anorexia nervosa/Atypical anorexia nervosa. Current
Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 47, 70-84.
Moynihan, J., Rose, M., van Velzen, J., y de Fockert, J (2016). Local and global visual processing
and eating disorder traits: An event-related potential study. Biological Psychology, 115,
27-34.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). (2003). Obesidad. Recuperado de:
http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/es/.
Quetelet, A. (1836). Sur l’homme et le developpement de ses facultes ou essai de physique sociale.
Bruselas: Louis Hauman et comp.
Rey, A. (1959). Test de copie et reproduction de mémoire de figures géométriques complexes. París:
Les Editions du Centre de Psychologie Appliquée.
Rey, A. (2009). Rey. Test de la copia y de reproducción de memoria de figuras geométricas
complejas. Madrid: Ediciones TEA.
Russel, G. (1979). Bulimia nervosa: an ominous variant of anorexia nervosa. Psychological
Medicine, 9(3), 429-448.
Russell, G.F.M. (2004). Thoughts on the 25th anniversary of bulimia nervosa. European Eating
Disorders Review, 12(3), 139-152.
Schilder, C.M.T., van Elburg, A.A., Snellen, W.M., Sternheim, L.C., Hoek, H.W., y Danner, U.N.
(2017). Intellectual functioning of adolescent and adult patients with eating disorders.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50, 481-489.
Smith, A. (1982). Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Manual (Revised). Los Angeles: Western
Psychological Services.
Smith, A. (2002). Test de Símbolos y Dígitos. Madrid: Ediciones TEA.
Solmi, F., Hotopf, M., Hatch, S.L., Treasure, J., y Micali, N. (2016). Eating disorders in a multiethnic inner-city UK sample: prevalence, comorbidity and service use. Social Psychiatry
and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(3), 369-381.
Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 18, 643-662.
Svaldi, J., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Biehl, S.C., Gschwendtner, K., Wolz, I., y Naumann, E. (2015).
Effects of two cognitive regulation strategies on the processing of food cues in high
restrained eaters. An event-related potential study. Appetite, 92, 269-277.
Tamayo, F., Casals-Coll, M., Sánchez-Benavides, G., Quintana, M., Manero, R.M., Rognoni, T.,…
Peña-Casanova, J (2012). Estudios normativos españoles en población adulta joven
(Proyecto NEURONORMA jóvenes): normas para las pruebas span verbal, span
visuoespacial, Letter-Number Sequencing, Trail Making Test y Symbol Digit Modalities
Test. Neurología, 27(6), 319-329.
Tchanturia, K., Davies, H., López, C., Schmidt, U., Treasure, J., y Wykes, T. (2008).
Neuropsychological task performance before and after cognitive remediation in anorexia
nervosa: a pilot case-series. Psychological Medicine, 38, 1371-1373.
Tchanturia, K., y Lock, J. (2011). Cognitive remediation therapy for eating disorders: development,
refinement and future directions. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 6, 269-
287.
Tchanturia, K., Davies, H., Roberts, M., Harrison, A., Nakazato, M.,… Morris, R. (2012). Poor
cognitive flexibility in eating disorders: examining the evidence using the Wisconsin Card
Sorting Task. Plos ONE, 7, 1, e28331.
Tenconi, E., Santonastaso, P., Degortes, D., Bosello, R., Titton, F., Mapelli, D., y Favaro, A. (2010).
Set-shifting abilities, central coherence, and handedness in anorexia nervosa patients, their
unaffected siblings and healthy controls: Exploring putative endophenotypes. The World
Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 11, 813-823.
Van den Eynde, F., Guillaume, S., Broadbent, H., Stahl, D., Campbell, I.C.,… Tchanturia, K.
(2011). Neurocognition in bulimic eating disorders: A systematic review. Acta
Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124(2), 120-140.
Watts, K., Cranney, J., y Gleitzman, M. (2008). Automatic evaluation of body-related images. Body
Image, 5(4), 352-364.