¿De qué manera el discurso metacognitivo docente en clases de matemáticas y escritura promueve la metacognición y la autorregulación de los niños de primer grado en las aulas cotidianas?
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Nuestra principal pregunta de investigación se centró en examinar cómo el discurso metacognitivo docente en clases de matemáticas y escritura en las aulas cotidianas fomenta la metacognición y la autorregulación de los niños de primer grado. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio y observacional con 40 niños y dos docentes en aulas de primer grado. Adaptamos el sistema de codificación C.Ind.Le para analizar el discurso metacognitivo docente. Codificamos el conocimiento metacognitivo, la regulación metacognitiva y la regulación emocional y motivacional. Identificamos 141 microepisodios de habla metacognitiva docente durante las clases de matemáticas y escritura. Nuestros resultados discuten estudios previos que mostraron que los docentes de educación primaria rara vez evidencian una conversación metacognitiva con niños pequeños. Además, encontramos que el discurso metacognitivo docente se distinguió por su estilo instructivo. La docente interdirecta dedicó más tiempo a promover el conocimiento de las tareas, así como el monitoreo emocional y motivacional que la docente interconstructiva, pero ella trabajó más tiempo fomentando la planificación, el monitoreo y la evaluación. Estos hallazgos pueden respaldar prácticas y políticas para promover contextos educativos que fomenten el desarrollo metacognitivo y de la autorregulación en el aprendizaje.
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