Muscle plasticity and hybrid fibers in the masticatory musculature. Literature review
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Abstract
The masticatory musculature is characterized by presenting hybrid fibers that in recent years have been related to the phenomenon of muscle plasticity. The objective of the study was to describe the relationship between muscle plasticity and the hybrid muscle fibers present in the masticatory muscles, through a narrative review. For this, an electronic search was conducted in PUBMED, ScienceDirect and BIREME, using the keywords: “Muscle Plasticity”, “Hybrid Muscle Fibers” and “Hybrid Fibers”. Documents that report the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms present in the masticatory muscles of humans and other mammals were selected, along with the changes linked to functional demands. The presence of type I and type II pure fibers were described, in addition to other isoforms such as MHC-la, MHC-IIM, MHC-fetal and MHC-cardiac. However, a significant percentage of fibers in the masticatory muscles are hybrids, that is, they express more than one MHC isoform, which are also different at the intermuscular and intramuscular level. Local influences can contribute to the variation of fiber type expression. In the chewing muscles, weaning, the hardness of food, bruxism, craniofacial morphology and the use of dental prostheses generate changes at the level of the chewing muscles, where the presence of hybrid fibers is common. The important presence of hybrid fibers in the masticatory muscles and their relationship with muscle plasticity throughout the life cycle, due to functional and pathological changes, is concluded. It is important for Speech Therapy and Myofunctional Therapy to deepen their understanding of the physiology of oromyofunctional behavior.
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