Plasticidad muscular y fibras híbridas en la musculatura masticatoria. Revisión de literatura

Plasticidad muscular y fibras híbridas en la musculatura masticatoria. Revisión de literatura

Contenido principal del artículo

Felipe Inostroza

Resumen

La musculatura masticatoria se caracteriza por presentar fibras híbridas que en los últimos años se han relacionado con el fenómeno de plasticidad muscular. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la relación entre la plasticidad muscular y las fibras musculares híbridas presentes en la musculatura masticatoria, mediante una revisión narrativa de literatura. Para esto, se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en PUBMED, ScienceDirect y BIREME, utilizando las palabras claves: “Muscle Plasticity”, “Hybrid Muscle Fibers” y “Hybrid Fibers”. Fueron seleccionados documentos que reportan las isoformas de cadena pesada de miosina (MHC) presentes en los músculos masticatorios de humanos y otros mamíferos, junto a los cambios vinculados a demandas funcionales. Se describe la presencia de fibras puras tipo I y tipo II, además de otras isoformas como la MHC-la, MHC-IIM, MHC-fetal y MHC-cardíaca. Sin embargo, un porcentaje considerable de fibras en la musculatura masticatoria son híbridas, es decir, expresan a más de una isoforma de MHC, las cuales también son diferentes a nivel intermuscular e intramuscular. Las influencias locales pueden contribuir a la variación de la expresión del tipo de fibra. En la musculatura masticatoria, el destete, la dureza de los alimentos, el bruxismo, la morfología craneofacial y el uso de prótesis dentales genera cambios a nivel de los músculos masticatorios, donde es común la presencia de fibras híbridas. Se concluye la presencia importante de fibras híbridas en la musculatura masticatoria y su relación con la plasticidad muscular a lo largo del ciclo vital, debido a cambios funcionales y patológicos. Es importante que los terapeutas de habla y motricidad orofacial profundicen en el conocimiento de la fisiología del comportamiento oromiofuncional.

Citas

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