Diferencias morfo-espirométricas y acústicovocal entre fumadores y no fumadores
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Resumen
Los órganos más afectados por el humo del tabaco son principalmente los del sistema respiratorio, junto con las cuerdas vocales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las diferencias significativas en las variables morfo-espirométricas y acústico-vocales entre no fumadores y fumadores, enfatizando los efectos sustanciales del tabaquismo en la salud y la calidad vocal. Se midieron dos variables morfométricas, ocho espirométricas y trece acústico-vocales en 117 sujetos varones albaneses de Kosovo (78 no fumadores y 39 fumadores). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando SPSS versión 20. Los datos fueron examinados mediante estadísticas descriptivas (medias aritméticas, valores mínimos y máximos y desviación estándar), prueba t para muestras independientes y análisis discriminante canónico. Los parámetros estadísticos discriminantes indican que el grupo de no fumadores difiere significativamente (p < 0,00-0,05) del grupo de fumadores, mostrando menor peso corporal (dentro de los límites normales), parámetros espirométricos más altos (dentro de los límites normales) y mayor amplitud vocal. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en variables como la estatura, el PIF (flujo inspiratorio máximo), las variables de jitter (variabilidad del periodo vocal) y la frecuencia fundamental de la muestra vocal. Con base en el valor de Lambda de Wilks, se puede concluir que las variables espirométricas (Lambda de Wilks = 0,56) permiten una mejor discriminación entre fumadores y no fumadores en comparación con las variables acústico-vocales (Lambda de Wilks = 0,66).
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