Implicación parental y enfoques de los deberes: Efectos longitudinales en el aprendizaje profundo y superficial al finalizar la educación primaria
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ACTUALIZACIÓN: 11 de septiembre de 2025
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La implicación de los padres en los deberes escolares representa una práctica extendida con posibles repercusiones a largo plazo en las estrategias de aprendizaje del alumnado. Este estudio longitudinal analizó a 229 estudiantes españoles desde 4º hasta 6º de Educación Primaria, con el objetivo de identificar cómo ciertas conductas parentales—ayuda con los deberes, interés por el progreso, priorización de las tareas, uso de recompensas y demostración de confianza—predicen la adopción de enfoques profundos o superficiales hacia los deberes. El modelado estructural evidenció que la priorización temprana de los deberes y el interés parental por el avance académico se asocian con un enfoque profundo en 6º curso, mientras que el uso de recompensas y la ayuda excesiva predicen un enfoque superficial. Asimismo, la confianza e interés manifestados por los padres contribuyen a reducir el aprendizaje superficial. Estos resultados subrayan la relevancia de promover prácticas parentales de apoyo y autonomía para favorecer una implicación reflexiva en los deberes durante la etapa final de la Educación Primaria.
Citas
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