Revisión bibliográfica de los cuidados del paciente anciano con trastorno mental grave desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar
Revisión bibliográfica de los cuidados del paciente anciano con trastorno mental grave desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Los pacientes con trastorno mental grave constituyen un reto en su atención, por las necesidades a nivel social, psiquiátrico, laboral, orgánico y, fundamentalmente, humano. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la bibliografía disponible acerca de las intervenciones recomendadas desde diferentes perspectivas: enfermería, psiquiatría, atención primaria e institucional. Se recoge información a partir de bases de datos (Pubmed, NHSEvidence, Cochrane, Tripdatabase, UpToDate, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network, CMA infobase), entre 2000 y 2016. Se emplean los descriptores “schizophrenia”, “bipolar disorder”, “older people”, “aripiprazole”, “paliperidone”, “elderly”, “severe mental disorder”, “primary care”, “nurs*” y sus equivalentes en español. La evidencia disponible tanto a nivel de los programas de atención como la medicación en este grupo de pacientes es baja. Los estudios encontrados analizan programas con escaso número de participantes y en muchos casos sin comparativos ni grupos control, incluyendo recomendaciones en base a subanálisis de estudios en población general y extrapolaciones en función de las necesidades de este grupo. A pesar de la escasa evidencia disponible y la necesidad de desarrollar estudios de mayor calidad, podemos establecer la recomendación de integrar abordajes de diferentes perspectivas en la atención y el cuidado de estos pacientes.
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