Revisión bibliográfica de los cuidados del paciente anciano con trastorno mental grave desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar
Revisión bibliográfica de los cuidados del paciente anciano con trastorno mental grave desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar
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Resumo
Los pacientes con trastorno mental grave constituyen un reto en su atención, por las necesidades a nivel social, psiquiátrico, laboral, orgánico y, fundamentalmente, humano. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la bibliografía disponible acerca de las intervenciones recomendadas desde diferentes perspectivas: enfermería, psiquiatría, atención primaria e institucional. Se recoge información a partir de bases de datos (Pubmed, NHSEvidence, Cochrane, Tripdatabase, UpToDate, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network, CMA infobase), entre 2000 y 2016. Se emplean los descriptores “schizophrenia”, “bipolar disorder”, “older people”, “aripiprazole”, “paliperidone”, “elderly”, “severe mental disorder”, “primary care”, “nurs*” y sus equivalentes en español. La evidencia disponible tanto a nivel de los programas de atención como la medicación en este grupo de pacientes es baja. Los estudios encontrados analizan programas con escaso número de participantes y en muchos casos sin comparativos ni grupos control, incluyendo recomendaciones en base a subanálisis de estudios en población general y extrapolaciones en función de las necesidades de este grupo. A pesar de la escasa evidencia disponible y la necesidad de desarrollar estudios de mayor calidad, podemos establecer la recomendación de integrar abordajes de diferentes perspectivas en la atención y el cuidado de estos pacientes.
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Baruch, Y., Tadger, S., Plopski, I., y Barak, Y. (2013). Asenapine for elderly bipolar manic patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 145, 130-132.
Baxter, A.J., Harris, M.G., Khatib, Y., Brugha, T.S., Bien, H., y Bhui, K. (2016). Reducing excess mortality due to chronic disease in people with severe mental illness: meta-review of health interventions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(4), 322-329.
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Bressington, D., Mui, J., Wells, H., Chien, W.T., Lam, C., White, J., y Gray, R. (2016). Refocusing on physical health: Community psychiatric nurses' perceptions of using enhanced health checks for people with severe mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 25(3), 214-224.
Choi, K.H., Wykes, T., y Kurtz, M.M. (2013). Adjunctive pharmacotherapy for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: metaanalytical investigation of efficacy. The Brtitish Journal of Psychiatry: the journal of mental science, 203(3), 172-178.
De Girolamo, G. (2016). Studies on PA in schizophrenia: What did we learn? What is effective? European Psychiatry, 33S, 41.
Del Río, F., Aguilera, D., Caballos, C., Carmona, J., Chinchilla, A., Gay, E., Guerra, J., ... Valmisa, E. (2006). Componentes. En Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Salud (Eds.), Trastorno mental grave(pp. 29-94). Sevilla: Junta de Andalucía.
Depla, M., Pols, J., de Lange, J., Smiths, C., de Graaf, R., y Heeren, T. (2003). Integrating mental health care into residential homes for the elderly: an analysis of six Dutch programs for older people with severe and persistent mental illness. Journal of the AmericanGeriatrics Society, 9, 1275-1279.
Dieterich, M., Irving, C.B., Park, B., y Marshall, M. (2010). Intensive case management for severe mental illness. Cochrane Database System Review, 6(10), CD007906.
Dubovsky, S.L., Frobose, C., Phiri, P., de Greef, R., y Panagides, J. (2012). Short-term safety and pharmacokinetic profile of asenapine in older patients with psychosis. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 27(5), 472-482.
Ehrlich, C., Kendall, E., Frey, N., Kisely, S., Crowe, E., y Crompton, D. (2014). Improving the physical health of people with severe mental illness: boundaries of care provision. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 23(3), 243-251.
Essali, A., y Ali, G. (2012). Antipsychotic drug treatment for elderly people with late-onset schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2.
Farholm, A., y Sørensen, M. (2016). Motivation for physical activity and exercise in severe mental illness: A systematic review of intervention studies. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 25(2), 116-126.
Fisher, J.E. (2014). The use of psychological therapies by mental health nurses in Australia. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21(3), 264-270.
Gardner-Sood, P., Lally, J., Smith, S., Atakan, Z., Ismail, K., Greenwood, K. E. Keen, A., ... Gaughran, F. (2015). Cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic síndrome in people with established psychotic illnesses: baseline data from the IMPaCT randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 45, 2619-2629.
Gerhard, T., Devanand, D.P., Huang, C., Crystal, S., yOlfson, M. (2015). Lithium treatment and risk for dementia in adults with bipolar disorder: population-based cohort study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 207, 46-51.
Gildengers, A.G., Butters, M.A., Aizenstein, H.J., Marron, M.M., Emanuel, J., Anderson, S.J., Weissfeld, L.A., ..., Reynolds, C.F. (2015). Longer lithium exposure is associated with better white matter integrity in older adults with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 17(3), 248-256.
Hanlon, C., Alem, A., Medhin, G., Shibre, T., Ejigu, D.A., Negussie, H., ... Fekadu, A. (2016). Task sharing for the care of severe mental disorders in a low-income country (TaSCS): study protocol for a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Trials, 17(1), 76.
Hardy, S., Hinks, P., y Gray, R. (2014). Does training practice nurses to carry out physical health checks for people with severe mental illness increase the level of screening for cardiovascular risk? International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 60(3), 236-242.
Haro, J.M., Palacín, C., Vilagut, G., y Martínez, M. (2006). Prevalencia de los trastornos mentales y factores asociados: resultados del estudio ESEMeD-España. Medicina Clínica, 126(12), 445-451.
Hoffmann, K., Walnoha, A., Sloan, J., Buddadhumaruk, P., Huang, H., Borrebach, J., y Burke, J. (2015). Developing a Community-Based Tailored Exercise Program for People With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness. Progress in Community Health Partnerships, 9(2), 213-227.
Hopman, P., Simone, R.D., Forja. M., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., Tonnara, G., y Lemmens, L. (2016). Effectiveness of comprehensive care programs for patients with multiple chronic conditions or frailty: A systematic literature review. Health Policy, 120(7), 818-832.
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