Resiliencia y bienestar subjetivo en función del sexo y del nivel educativo en la adolescencia
Resiliencia y bienestar subjetivo en función del sexo y del nivel educativo en la adolescencia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Resumo
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre la resiliencia y las dimensiones del bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción con la vida, afecto positivo y afecto negativo). Participaron 1250 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (M=13.72, DT=1.09), de los cuales 612 (49%) eran chicos y 638 (51%) chicas. Se administraron los siguientes instrumentos de evaluación: la Escala Connor-Davidson de Resiliencia (CD-RISC) de Connor y Davidson (2003), la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) de Diener, Emmons, Larsen y Griffin (1985) y la Escala de Balance Afectivo de Bradburn (1969). Los resultados indican que los adolescentes resilientes presentan puntuaciones significativamente más altas que sus iguales no resilientes en satisfacción con la vida y afecto positivo, así como puntuaciones más bajas en afecto negativo. Este patrón de resultados es el mismo tanto para la muestra total como para las muestras en función del sexo y el nivel educativo.
Referências
Albuquerque, I., de Lima, M. P., Figueiredo, C., y Matos, M. (2012). Subjective well-being structure: Confirmatory factor analysis in a teachers’ Portuguese sample.Social Indicators Research,105(3), 569-580. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9789-6
Benetti, C. y Kambouropoulos, N. (2006). Affect-regulated indirect effects of trait anxiety and trait resilience on self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 341-352. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.015
Bird, J. M., y Markle, R. S. (2012). Subjective well-being in school environments: Promoting positive youth development through evidence-based assessment and intervention.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(1),61-66. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01127.x
Bradburn, N. (1969). The strucuture of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Campbell-Sills, L., Cohan, S. L., y Stein, M. B. (2006). Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(4), 585-599. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.05.001
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., y y Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. New York, NY US: Russell Sage Foundation.
Casas, F. (2011). Subjective social indicators and child and adolescent well-being. Child Indicators Research, 4(4), 555-575. doi:10.1007/s12187-010-9093-z
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2.a ed.). New York: Academic Press.
Connor, K. M., y Davidson, J. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The ConnorDavidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. doi:10.1002/da.10113
Cunningham, M., y Swanson, D.P. (2010). Educational resilience in African American adolescents. The Journal of Negro Education, 79(4), 473-487.
Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31(2), 103-157.
Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R.J., y Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Eryilmaz, A. (2012). A model for subjective well-being in adolescence: Need satisfaction and reasons for living. Social Indicators Research, 107(3), 561-574. doi:10.1007/s11205011-9863-0
Esquivel, G., Doll, B., y Oades-Sese, G. (2011). Introduction to the especial issue: resilience in schools. Psychology in the Schools, 48(7), 649-651. doi:10.1002/pits.20585.
Fergus, S., y Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399-419. doi:10.1146/annurev.pubhealth.26.021304.144357
Fletcher, D., y Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. European Psychologist, 18(1), 12-23. doi:10.1027/10169040/a000124
Fuentes, M., García, F., Gracia, E., y Alarcón, A. (2015). Los estilos parentales de socialización y el ajuste psicológico. Un estudio con adolescentes españoles. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 20(1). doi: 10.1387/RevPsicodidact.10876
Goldbeck, L., Schmitz, T. G., Besier, T., Herschbach, P., y Henrich, G. (2007). Life satisfaction decreases during adolescence. Quality of life research: An international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 16(6), 969-979. doi:10.1007/s11136-007-9205-5
Jordan, J. V. (2013). Relational resilience in girls. En S. Goldstein, R. B. Brooks, S. Goldstein y R.
B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children (pp. 73-86). New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-4_5
Klohnen, E. C. (1996). Conceptual analysis and measurement of the construct of ego-resiliency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 1067-1079. doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.70.5.1067
Klohnen, E. C., Vandewater, E. A., y Young, A. (1996). Negotiating the middle years: Egoresiliency and successful midlife adjustment in women. Psychology and Aging, 11(3), 431-442. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.11.3.431
Lerner, R. M., Bowers, E. P., Geldhof, G. J., Gestsdóttir, S., y DeSouza, L. (2012). Promoting positive youth development in the face of contextual changes and challenges: The roles of individual strengths and ecological assets. New directions for youth development, 2012(135), 119-128. doi: 10.1002/yd.20034
Limonero, J. T., Tomás-Sábado, J., Fernández-Castro, J., Gómez-Romero, M., y Ardilla-Herrero, A. (2012). Estrategias de afrontamiento resilientes y regulación emocional: Predictores de satisfacción con la vida. Behavioral Psychology, 20(1), 183-196
Lippman, L. H., Anderson Moore, K., Guzman, L., Ryberg, R., McIntosh, H., Ramos, M. F., y Kuhfeld, M. (2014). Flourishing children: Defining and testing indicators of positive development. New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/97894-017-8607-2
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., y Li, Z. (2012). Affective mediators of the influence of neuroticism and resilience on life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(7), 833-838. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.017
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., y Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562. doi:10.1111/14678624.00164
Luthar, S. S., Lyman, E. L., y Crossman, E. J. (2014). Resilience and positive psychology. Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 125-140). Springer US.
Madariaga, J. M., y Goñi, A. (2009). El desarrollo psicosocial. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 14(1), 93-118.
Mahatmya, D., Lohman, B. J., Matjasko, J. L., y Farb, A. (2012). Engagement across developmental periods. En S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly y C. Wylie (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 45-63). New York, NY US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_3
Mak, W. S., Ng, I. W., y Wong, C. Y. (2011). Resilience: Enhancing well-being through the positive cognitive triad. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4), 610-617. doi:10.1037/a0025195
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
Masten, A. S. (2007). Competence, resilience, and development in adolescence: Clues for prevention science. En D. Romer y E. F. Walker (Eds.), Adolescent psychopathology and the developing brain: Integrating brain and prevention science (pp. 31-52). New York, NY US: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306255.003.0002
Masten, A. S. (2014). Invited commentary: Resilience and positive youth development frameworks in developmental science. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(6), 10181024. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0118-7
Masten, A. S., Burt, K. B., y Coatsworth, J. (2006). Competence and psychopathology in development. En D. Cicchetti y D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol 3: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (pp. 696-738). Hoboken, NJ US: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Oliva, A., Jiménez-Morago, J., Parra, A., y Sánchez-Queija, I. (2008). Acontecimientos vitales estresantes, resiliencia y ajuste adolescente. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 13 (1), 53-62.
Oliva, A., Ríos, M., Antolín, L., Parra, Á., Hernando, Á., y Pertegal, M. (2010). Más allá del déficit: Construyendo un modelo de desarrollo positivo adolescente. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 33(2), 223-234. doi:10.1174/021037010791114562
Pavot, W., y Diener, E. (2013). Happiness experienced: The science of subjective well-being. En S. A. David, I. Boniwell y A. Conley Ayers (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 134-151). New York, NY US: Oxford University Press.
Prince-Embury, S., y Saklofske, D. H. (2014). Resilience interventions for youth in diverse populations. New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/9781- 4939-0542-3
Rodríguez-Fernández, A., y Goñi, A. (2011). La estructura tridimensional del bienestar subjetivo. Anales de Psicología, 27(2), 327-332.
Rutter, M. (2007). Resilience, competence, and coping. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(3), 205-209. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.02.001
Schoon, I. (2006). Risk and resilience: Adaptations in changing times. New York, NY US: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511490132
Smith, B. W., Tooley, E. M., Christopher, P. J., y Kay, V. S. (2010). Resilience as the ability to bounce back from stress: A neglected personal resource?. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(3), 166-176. doi:10.1080/17439760.2010.482186
Suldo, S. M., Huebner, E. S., Savage, J., y Thalji, A. (2011). Promoting subjective well-being. En M. A. Bray, T. J. Kehle, M. A. Bray y T. J. Kehle (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of school psychology (pp. 504-522). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.
Sun, S., Pan, W., y Wang, L. (2010). A comprehensive review of effect size reporting and interpreting practices in academic journals in education and psychology. Journal of
Educational Psychology, 102(4), 989-1004. doi:10.1037/a0019507
Tian, L., Wang, D., y Huebner, E. S. (2015). Development and validation of the Brief
Adolescents’ Subjective Well-Being in School Scale (BASWBSS). Social Indicators Research, 120(2), 615-634. doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0603-0
Tiefenbach, T., y Kohlbacher, F. (2014). Subjective well-being across gender and age in Japan: An econometric analysis. En E. Eckermann y E. Eckermann (Eds.), Gender, lifespan and quality of life: An international perspective (pp. 183-201). New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7829-0_12
Tomyn, A. J., y Cummins, R. A. (2011). The subjective wellbeing of high-school students: Validating the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children. Social Indicators Research, 101(3), 405-418. doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9668-6
Tugade, M. M., y Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320-333. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320?
Uriarte-Arciniega, J. D. D. (2014). Resiliencia y Envejecimiento. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 4(2).
Yu, X., y Zhang, J. (2007). Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with Chinese people. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(1), 19-30. doi:10.2224/sbp.2007.35.1.19
Benetti, C. y Kambouropoulos, N. (2006). Affect-regulated indirect effects of trait anxiety and trait resilience on self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 341-352. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.015
Bird, J. M., y Markle, R. S. (2012). Subjective well-being in school environments: Promoting positive youth development through evidence-based assessment and intervention.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(1),61-66. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01127.x
Bradburn, N. (1969). The strucuture of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Campbell-Sills, L., Cohan, S. L., y Stein, M. B. (2006). Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(4), 585-599. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.05.001
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., y y Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. New York, NY US: Russell Sage Foundation.
Casas, F. (2011). Subjective social indicators and child and adolescent well-being. Child Indicators Research, 4(4), 555-575. doi:10.1007/s12187-010-9093-z
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2.a ed.). New York: Academic Press.
Connor, K. M., y Davidson, J. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The ConnorDavidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. doi:10.1002/da.10113
Cunningham, M., y Swanson, D.P. (2010). Educational resilience in African American adolescents. The Journal of Negro Education, 79(4), 473-487.
Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31(2), 103-157.
Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R.J., y Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Eryilmaz, A. (2012). A model for subjective well-being in adolescence: Need satisfaction and reasons for living. Social Indicators Research, 107(3), 561-574. doi:10.1007/s11205011-9863-0
Esquivel, G., Doll, B., y Oades-Sese, G. (2011). Introduction to the especial issue: resilience in schools. Psychology in the Schools, 48(7), 649-651. doi:10.1002/pits.20585.
Fergus, S., y Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399-419. doi:10.1146/annurev.pubhealth.26.021304.144357
Fletcher, D., y Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. European Psychologist, 18(1), 12-23. doi:10.1027/10169040/a000124
Fuentes, M., García, F., Gracia, E., y Alarcón, A. (2015). Los estilos parentales de socialización y el ajuste psicológico. Un estudio con adolescentes españoles. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 20(1). doi: 10.1387/RevPsicodidact.10876
Goldbeck, L., Schmitz, T. G., Besier, T., Herschbach, P., y Henrich, G. (2007). Life satisfaction decreases during adolescence. Quality of life research: An international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 16(6), 969-979. doi:10.1007/s11136-007-9205-5
Jordan, J. V. (2013). Relational resilience in girls. En S. Goldstein, R. B. Brooks, S. Goldstein y R.
B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children (pp. 73-86). New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-4_5
Klohnen, E. C. (1996). Conceptual analysis and measurement of the construct of ego-resiliency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 1067-1079. doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.70.5.1067
Klohnen, E. C., Vandewater, E. A., y Young, A. (1996). Negotiating the middle years: Egoresiliency and successful midlife adjustment in women. Psychology and Aging, 11(3), 431-442. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.11.3.431
Lerner, R. M., Bowers, E. P., Geldhof, G. J., Gestsdóttir, S., y DeSouza, L. (2012). Promoting positive youth development in the face of contextual changes and challenges: The roles of individual strengths and ecological assets. New directions for youth development, 2012(135), 119-128. doi: 10.1002/yd.20034
Limonero, J. T., Tomás-Sábado, J., Fernández-Castro, J., Gómez-Romero, M., y Ardilla-Herrero, A. (2012). Estrategias de afrontamiento resilientes y regulación emocional: Predictores de satisfacción con la vida. Behavioral Psychology, 20(1), 183-196
Lippman, L. H., Anderson Moore, K., Guzman, L., Ryberg, R., McIntosh, H., Ramos, M. F., y Kuhfeld, M. (2014). Flourishing children: Defining and testing indicators of positive development. New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/97894-017-8607-2
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., y Li, Z. (2012). Affective mediators of the influence of neuroticism and resilience on life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(7), 833-838. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.017
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., y Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562. doi:10.1111/14678624.00164
Luthar, S. S., Lyman, E. L., y Crossman, E. J. (2014). Resilience and positive psychology. Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 125-140). Springer US.
Madariaga, J. M., y Goñi, A. (2009). El desarrollo psicosocial. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 14(1), 93-118.
Mahatmya, D., Lohman, B. J., Matjasko, J. L., y Farb, A. (2012). Engagement across developmental periods. En S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly y C. Wylie (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 45-63). New York, NY US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_3
Mak, W. S., Ng, I. W., y Wong, C. Y. (2011). Resilience: Enhancing well-being through the positive cognitive triad. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4), 610-617. doi:10.1037/a0025195
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
Masten, A. S. (2007). Competence, resilience, and development in adolescence: Clues for prevention science. En D. Romer y E. F. Walker (Eds.), Adolescent psychopathology and the developing brain: Integrating brain and prevention science (pp. 31-52). New York, NY US: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306255.003.0002
Masten, A. S. (2014). Invited commentary: Resilience and positive youth development frameworks in developmental science. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(6), 10181024. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0118-7
Masten, A. S., Burt, K. B., y Coatsworth, J. (2006). Competence and psychopathology in development. En D. Cicchetti y D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol 3: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (pp. 696-738). Hoboken, NJ US: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Oliva, A., Jiménez-Morago, J., Parra, A., y Sánchez-Queija, I. (2008). Acontecimientos vitales estresantes, resiliencia y ajuste adolescente. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 13 (1), 53-62.
Oliva, A., Ríos, M., Antolín, L., Parra, Á., Hernando, Á., y Pertegal, M. (2010). Más allá del déficit: Construyendo un modelo de desarrollo positivo adolescente. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 33(2), 223-234. doi:10.1174/021037010791114562
Pavot, W., y Diener, E. (2013). Happiness experienced: The science of subjective well-being. En S. A. David, I. Boniwell y A. Conley Ayers (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 134-151). New York, NY US: Oxford University Press.
Prince-Embury, S., y Saklofske, D. H. (2014). Resilience interventions for youth in diverse populations. New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/9781- 4939-0542-3
Rodríguez-Fernández, A., y Goñi, A. (2011). La estructura tridimensional del bienestar subjetivo. Anales de Psicología, 27(2), 327-332.
Rutter, M. (2007). Resilience, competence, and coping. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(3), 205-209. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.02.001
Schoon, I. (2006). Risk and resilience: Adaptations in changing times. New York, NY US: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511490132
Smith, B. W., Tooley, E. M., Christopher, P. J., y Kay, V. S. (2010). Resilience as the ability to bounce back from stress: A neglected personal resource?. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(3), 166-176. doi:10.1080/17439760.2010.482186
Suldo, S. M., Huebner, E. S., Savage, J., y Thalji, A. (2011). Promoting subjective well-being. En M. A. Bray, T. J. Kehle, M. A. Bray y T. J. Kehle (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of school psychology (pp. 504-522). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.
Sun, S., Pan, W., y Wang, L. (2010). A comprehensive review of effect size reporting and interpreting practices in academic journals in education and psychology. Journal of
Educational Psychology, 102(4), 989-1004. doi:10.1037/a0019507
Tian, L., Wang, D., y Huebner, E. S. (2015). Development and validation of the Brief
Adolescents’ Subjective Well-Being in School Scale (BASWBSS). Social Indicators Research, 120(2), 615-634. doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0603-0
Tiefenbach, T., y Kohlbacher, F. (2014). Subjective well-being across gender and age in Japan: An econometric analysis. En E. Eckermann y E. Eckermann (Eds.), Gender, lifespan and quality of life: An international perspective (pp. 183-201). New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7829-0_12
Tomyn, A. J., y Cummins, R. A. (2011). The subjective wellbeing of high-school students: Validating the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children. Social Indicators Research, 101(3), 405-418. doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9668-6
Tugade, M. M., y Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320-333. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320?
Uriarte-Arciniega, J. D. D. (2014). Resiliencia y Envejecimiento. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 4(2).
Yu, X., y Zhang, J. (2007). Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with Chinese people. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(1), 19-30. doi:10.2224/sbp.2007.35.1.19