La Dieta mediterránea como modelo de dieta saludable y su impacto sobre el sistema inmunitario y la microbiota intestinal
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La relación que existe entre la alimentación y la inmunidad es muy compleja, debido a que cada fase de la respuesta inmunitaria puede verse afectada por la carencia de nutrientes esenciales como las vitaminas y minerales. Adicionalmente, se ha descrito que en las enfermedades no transmisibles de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial como el síndrome metabólico, la diabetes mellitus, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el cáncer, subyacen la activación de mecanismos inflamatorios, que pueden comprometer las funciones inmunitarias, frecuentemente causado o acompañado por alteraciones en los patrones nutricionales y en la microbiota intestinal. En este contexto, es claro que la dieta es un modulador clave del sistema inmunitario y está surgiendo mucho interés en el área de la nutrición como vía de tratamiento y prevención. Se ha descrito ampliamente que la dieta mediterránea, influye positivamente y se propone no solo como una herramienta potencial en el manejo clínico de diferentes enfermedades, sino también para la promoción de la salud a nivel mundial. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es abordar el conocimiento actual sobre el papel regulador de los componentes nutricionales presentes en la dieta mediterránea sobre el sistema inmunitario y la microbiota intestinal.
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