Marcadores inflamatorios y de disfunción endotelial en pacientes hipertensos y con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
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La hipertensión y la diabetes son dos de los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, y ambas patologías se superponen de manera significativa en sus mecanismos fisiopatológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la concentración de marcadores inflamatorios y de disfunción endotelial en pacientes con hipertensión y diabetes mellitus tipo 2, comparar con individuos sanos y determinar si la coexistencia de ambas patologías tiene un efecto diferente en el comportamiento de estos marcadores. Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva, correlacional, de corte transversal, en el periodo comprendido desde el mes de julio del año 2022 a febrero del año 2023. Se seleccionaron 120 individuos para este estudio: (30 sujetos controles, 30 con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, 30 hipertensos y 30 con diabetes más hipertensión). A cada sujeto se le extrajo una muestra de sangre en ayunas para la determinación de colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDL colesterol, LDL colesterol, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCR-us), hemoglobina glicosilada, sICAM-1, sE-selectina, IL-6 y TNF-α. Se encontró un incremento significativo en la concentración de sICAM-1, sE-selectina, IL-6 y TNF-α en los pacientes diabéticos, hipertensos y en los diabéticos con hipertensión al compararlos con los controles (p<0.0001). La coexistencia de diabetes e hipertensión no representó una elevación significativa en la concentración de los marcadores de disfunción endotelial e inflamación. En conclusión, nuestros resultados sugieren la activación endotelial, así como un estado inflamatorio en pacientes con diabetes e hipertensión, indicada por niveles elevados de moléculas de adhesión circulantes y citocinas proinflamatorias. La presencia simultánea de diabetes e hipertensión no tuvo un efecto aditivo en los niveles de éstas moléculas.
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